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微分音音樂

维基百科，自由的百科全书
（重定向自微分音乐）
Harry Partch（英语：Harry Partch） 调性钻石, 43音階

微分音音樂（Microtonal music），或簡稱為微音音樂，微分音即比半音還要小的音程。微分音音樂亦曾在某些原始社會中出現過，古往以來也不乏作曲家和理論家對微分音的研究。

在部分作品中，作曲家也曾少量使用微分音作為裝飾，以在傳統音高之中增加一些變化。他們大多各自使用自創的記譜法，來為傳統的五線譜表示微分音。巴爾托克·貝拉曾直接在音符旁標註箭頭，以上下指示微分音的升降。布洛赫則在音與音之間畫上斜線，以表示微分音的升降。阿洛伊斯·哈巴和潘德列茨基則是從升降記號的變形創造新記號，作為微分音的升降記號。

微分音音樂的記譜法問題，在作曲家之間一直難以達成共識，演奏家也不願意學習冷僻的記譜法。要續繼使用原有的五線譜，還是另外建立一套新的系統，至今也還沒有定論。

除此之外，還有微分音適當距離的問題。較早之前的是從十二個半音再分一半的24個四分之一音的音階。布索尼提倡36個音的音階，以六分之一音為最小音程。阿洛伊斯·哈巴隨後也發展出以十二分之一音為音程符號的樂制，一個八度音有72個音。

Julián Carrillo（英语：Julián Carrillo）設計了一種準確、靈活的新方法。C音以0表示，在一個八度音階裡，以連續的數目來表示音。例如半音音階可以0~11來表示，四分之一音的音階可以0~23表示。Joseph Yasser在他的著作《發展調性的理論》（A Theory of Evolving Tonality）中，反對以機械化的方式分割音，提倡在音樂演進的過程中擴展音階。他認為音樂的發展是從五聲音階到七聲音階，再從七聲音階到十二聲音階。根據這個發展過程，下一階段應該是十九聲音階，其中原先的十二音是正音，新的七個音是副音（相當於七音階的半音）。

Harry Partch則在《音樂的起源》（Genesis of a Music）詳細研究調律系統和音階，並以此提出43音階。

除此之外，還有演奏方面的問題。雖然聲樂、弦樂可以奏出微分音，但不易正確奏出。或者需要兩架鋼琴，調音相差四分之一音，再各自演奏分配開來的譜。還有專為微分音設計的特殊樂器，如Ervin M. Wilson的31音鍵盤。微分音的演奏工具，主要還是電子樂器。

微分音音樂的美學價值，到目前為止也還沒有定論。即使可以分辨出微分音音高上的微小差別，也無法保證其藝術價值。而且對於大多數的音樂家而言，微分音就是沒奏準的音。微分音音樂目前還處於開拓階段，主要還是進行實驗性質的工作。

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外部連結

[编辑]
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：微分音音樂

template:Musical tuning（英语：template:Musical tuning）

template:Microtonal music（英语：template:Microtonal music） template:Modernism (music)（英语：template:Modernism (music)）

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