奇蹄目
外观
(重定向自马形亚目)
奇蹄目 化石时期:古新世晚期至今
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左:平原斑馬(马科);右上:印度犀(犀科);右下:南美貘(貘科) | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
大目: | 猛獸有蹄大目 Ferungulata |
演化支: | 泛真有蹄類 Pan-Euungulata |
上目: | 真有蹄上目 Euungulata |
演化支: | 泛奇蹄類 Panperissodactyla |
演化支: | 奇蹄形類 Perissodactylamorpha |
目: | 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 |
下屬類群 | |
演化
[编辑]奇蹄目动物是由古新世的踝节目动物演化而来。基本上从始新世开始分化,馬科的祖先是早始新世的始祖馬,犀牛與貘的祖先則為始新世的貘犀。
奇蹄目共有17或18個現生種,其中馬科7種或8種(普氏野马是否与家马同种存有争议),犀科5種,貘科4種;化石種達200個。
下级分类
[编辑]
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- ?†伪齿兽科 Phenacodontidae
- ?†炭丘獸科 Anthracobunidae
- 马形亚目 Hippomorpha
- 獏形类 Tapiromorpha
注释
[编辑]参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Ravel, A. & Orliac, M.J. The inner ear morphology of the 'condylarthran' Hyopsodus lepidus. Historical Biology. 2014, 27 (8): 957–969. OCLC 5826387627. S2CID 84391276. doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.915823.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Wood, H.E. Perissodactyl suborders. Journal of Mammalogy. 1937, 18 (1): 106. OCLC 5787373142. doi:10.1093/jmammal/18.1.106.
- ^ Hooker, J.J. A primitive ceratomorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Early Tertiary of Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1984, 82 (1–2): 229–244. OCLC 5154061536. S2CID 84633976. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1984.tb00545.x.
- ^ Glossary | Perissodactyl. American Museum of Natural History. (原始内容存档于2021-11-20).
- ^ What's in a Name? | Perissodactyl. American Museum of Natural History. (原始内容存档于2021-11-20).
- ^ Holbrook, L.T. & Lapergola, J. A new genus of perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the Bridgerian of Wyoming, with comments on basal perissodactyl phylogeny (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2011, 31 (4): 895–901. JSTOR 25835883. OCLC 9984568698. S2CID 84351811. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.579669. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-04-25).
延伸閱讀
[编辑]- Martin S. Fischer: Mesaxonia (Perissodactyla) Perissodactyla. In: Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger (eds.): Systematic Zoology. Part 2: Vortex or craniotes. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg and Berlin 2004, pp 646–655, ISBN 3-8274-0307-3.
- Nowak, R.M. Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1999. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9. LCCN 98023686. OCLC 39045218. OL 363444M. NLC 000573089.
- Thomas S. Kemp:. The Origin & Evolution of Mammals Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005. ISBN 0-19-850761-5.
- AH Müller: Textbook of Paleozoology, Volume III: vertebrates, Part 3: Mammalia. 2nd edition. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena and Stuttgart 1989. ISBN 3-334-00223-3.
- Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. OL 3392515M. NLC 001238428.