跳转到内容

File:Extinction Intensity.png

页面内容不支持其他语言。
這個文件來自維基共享資源
维基百科,自由的百科全书

Extinction_Intensity.png (577 × 428像素,文件大小:15 KB,MIME类型:image/png


摘要

描述

This figure shows the en:genus en:extinction intensity, i.e. the fraction of genera that are present in each interval of time but do not exist in the following interval. The data itself is taken from Rohde & Muller (2005, Supplementary Material), and are based on the Sepkoski's Compendium of Marine Fossil Animal Genera (2002). The yellow line is a cubic polynomial to show the long-term trend. Note that these data do not represent all genera that have ever lived, but rather only a selection of marine genera whose qualities are such that they are easily preserved as fossils.

The "Big Five" en:mass extinctions (Raup & Sepkoski 1982) are labeled in large font, and a variety of other features are labeled in smaller font. The two extinction events occurring in the Cambrian (i.e. en:Dresbachian and en:Botomian) are very large in percentage magnitude, but are not well known because of the relative scarcity of en:fossil producing life at that time (i.e. they are small in absolute numbers of known en:taxa). The en:Middle Permian extinction is now argued by many to constitute a distinct extinction horizon, though the actual extinction amounts are sometimes lumped together with the End Permian extinctions in reporting. As indicated, the "Late Devonian" extinction is actually resolvable into at least three distinct events spread over a period of ~40 million years. As these data are derived at the genus level, one can anticipate that the number of en:species extinctions is a higher percentage than shown here.

Many of the extinction events appear to be somewhat extended in time. In at least some cases this is the result of a paleontological artifact known as the en:Signor-Lipps effect (Signor & Lipps 1982). Briefly, this is the observation that inadequate sampling can cause a taxon to seem to disappear before its actual time of extinction. This has the effect of making an extinction event appear extended even if it occurred quite rapidly. Hence, when estimating the true magnitude of an extinction event it would be common to combine together the events occurring over several preceding bins as long as they also show excess extinctions. This explains why many estimates of the magnitude of an extinction event may be larger than the 20-30% shown as the largest single bin for most of the extinctions shown here.

en:Image:Phanerozoic Biodiversity.png shows total en:Phanerozoic en:biodiversity during the same interval. Note that this is a result of changes in both the rate of extinctions and the rate of new originations. The Dresbachian extinction event in particular is obscured by nearly immediate replacement with new genera.]]
来源
作者 This figure was created by Dragons flight from published data and was inspired by a similar figure in Rohde & Muller (2005) supplementary data
授权
(二次使用本文件)
This version is released under the en:GFDL. Released under the GNU Free Documentation License.

本檔案是從en.wikipedia轉移到維基共享資源。 / 2005年9月10日 (原始上传日期)

许可协议

Dragons flight 位于英语维基百科,本作品著作权人,特此采用以下许可协议发表本作品:
GNU head 已授权您依据自由软件基金会发行的无固定段落及封面封底文字(Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, and Back-Cover Texts)的GNU自由文件许可协议1.2版或任意后续版本的条款,复制、传播和/或修改本文件。该协议的副本请见“GNU Free Documentation License”。
w:zh:知识共享
署名 相同方式共享
本文件采用知识共享署名-相同方式共享 3.0 未本地化版本许可协议授权。
署名: Dragons flight
您可以自由地:
  • 共享 – 复制、发行并传播本作品
  • 修改 – 改编作品
惟须遵守下列条件:
  • 署名 – 您必须对作品进行署名,提供授权条款的链接,并说明是否对原始内容进行了更改。您可以用任何合理的方式来署名,但不得以任何方式表明许可人认可您或您的使用。
  • 相同方式共享 – 如果您再混合、转换或者基于本作品进行创作,您必须以与原先许可协议相同或相兼容的许可协议分发您贡献的作品。
本许可协议标签作为GFDL许可协议更新的组成部分被添加至本文件。

References

  • Raup, D. & Sepkoski, J. (1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science 215: 1501–1503.
  • Rohde, R.A. & Muller, R.A. (2005). "Cycles in fossil diversity". Nature 434: 209-210.
  • Sepkoski, J. (2002) A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera (eds. Jablonski, D. & Foote, M.) Bull. Am. Paleontol. no. 363 (Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, NY).
  • Signor, P. and J. Lipps (1982) "Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns and catastrophes in the fossil record", in Geologic Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth, I. Silver and P. Silver Eds, Geol. Soc. Amer. Special Paper 190, Boulder Colo. p. 291-296.

== 原始上传日志 ==

原始描述頁面位於這裡。下列使用者名稱均來自en.wikipedia。
  • 2007-06-06 02:25 Andrewpmk 577×428× (14941 bytes) optimize png
  • 2005-09-10 18:18 Dragons flight 577×428× (20765 bytes) History of biological extinction

说明

添加一行文字以描述该文件所表现的内容

此文件中描述的项目

描繪內容

文件历史

点击某个日期/时间查看对应时刻的文件。

日期/时间缩⁠略⁠图大小用户备注
当前2015年1月12日 (一) 23:312015年1月12日 (一) 23:31版本的缩略图577 × 428(15 KB)OgreBot(BOT): Uploading old version of file from en.wikipedia; originally uploaded on 2007-06-06 02:25:40 by Andrewpmk
2006年12月10日 (日) 13:162006年12月10日 (日) 13:16版本的缩略图577 × 428(20 KB)Boivie{{Information |Description=This figure shows the en:genus en:extinction intensity, i.e. the fraction of genera that are present in each interval of time but do not exist in the following interval. The data itself is taken from Rohde & Muller (2

没有页面链接到本图像。

全域文件用途

以下其他wiki使用此文件: