扑米酮
外观
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臨床資料 | |
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商品名 | Lepsiral, Mysoline, Resimatil, others |
其他名稱 | desoxyphenobarbital, desoxyphenobarbitone |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682023 |
核准狀況 | |
懷孕分級 | |
给药途径 | 口服 |
藥物類別 | 抗惊厥药, 巴比妥类药物 |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 |
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藥物動力學數據 | |
生物利用度 | ~100%[3] |
血漿蛋白結合率 | 25%[3] |
药物代谢 | 肝脏 |
生物半衰期 | 扑米酮: 5-18 h, 苯巴比妥: 75-120 h,[3] PEMA: 16 h[4] 达到稳定状态的时间: 扑米酮: 2-3天, 苯巴比妥&PEMA 1-4周[5] |
排泄途徑 | 肾脏 |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 125-33-7 ![]() |
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.307 |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C12H14N2O2 |
摩尔质量 | 218.26 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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扑米酮(英語:Primidone),商品名Mysoline等[註 1],是一种巴比妥类药物,用于治疗局灶性和全身性癫痫发作[7]以及特发性震颤[8]。该药物以口服给药[7]。
常见副作用包括昏睡、协调性差、恶心和食欲不振[7]。严重的副作用可能包括自杀和精神病[8][7]。怀孕期间使用扑米酮可能会对胎儿造成伤害[9]。扑米酮是一种巴比妥类抗惊厥药[7]。然而,其提高癫痫发作阈值的长期效果可能是由于其活性代谢物苯巴比妥[10]。该药物的另一种活性代谢物是2-乙基-2-苯基丙二酰胺(PEMA)。
扑米酮于1954年在美国获准用于医疗用途[7]。它的仿制药是可获取的[8]。2020年,它是美国第269种最常用處方藥,开出的处方超过100万张[11][12]。
作用机理
[编辑]50多年来,扑米酮抗惊厥作用的确切机制仍然未知[13]。它通过与电压门控型鈉離子通道相互作用起效,从而抑制动作电位的高频重复放电[14]。扑米酮对特发性震颤的作用不是由2-乙基-2-苯基丙二酰胺(PEMA)介导的[15]。扑米酮的主要代谢物苯巴比妥,本身也是一种有效的抗惊厥药,可能在扑米酮对多种形式的癫痫的作用中有贡献。根据Brenner's Pharmacology,它还会增加GABA介导的氯离子通量,从而使膜电位超极化。2017年的一项研究显示,扑米酮能直接抑制TRPM3离子通道[16]。这种机理是否有助于其抗惊厥作用尚不清楚,但2021年的研究显示,TRPM3的功能获得突变与癫痫和智力障碍有关[17]。
注释
[编辑]- ^ 中国大陆商品名臣立宁等。
参考来源
[编辑]- ^ Primidone (Mysoline) Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. 2019-02-18 [2020-05-16]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-26).
- ^ Primidone SERB 50mg Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). (emc). 2014-08-18 [2020-05-16]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-05).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ochoa JG, Riche W, Passaro EA. Talavera F, Cavazos JE, Benbadis SR , 编. Antiepileptic Drugs: An Overview. eMedicine. eMedicine, Inc. 2005 [2005-07-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-08).
- ^ CDER, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. Primidone (Mysoline). Pharmacology Guide for Brain Injury Treatment. Brain Injury Resource Foundation. 2003–2005 [2005-07-02]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-17).
- ^ Yale Medical School, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Therapeutic Drug Levels. YNHH Laboratory Manual - Reference Documents. Yale Medical School. 1998 [2005-07-13]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-20).
- ^ Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União. 2023-03-31 (2023-04-04) [2023-08-16]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-03) (巴西葡萄牙语).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Primidone Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [2019-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-29).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 British national formulary: BNF 76 76. Pharmaceutical Press. 2018: 332. ISBN 9780857113382.
- ^ Hernández-Díaz S, Werler MM, Walker AM, Mitchell AA. Folic acid antagonists during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. The New England Journal of Medicine. November 2000, 343 (22): 1608–1614. PMID 11096168. doi:10.1056/NEJM200011303432204
.
- ^ Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Rall TW, Murad F (编). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 7th. New York: Macmillan. 1985.
- ^ The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [2022-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-03-18).
- ^ Primidone - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [2022-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-11).
- ^ Mysoline: Clinical Pharmacology. RxList. [2007-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2007-10-11).
- ^ Macdonald RL, Kelly KM. Antiepileptic drug mechanisms of action. Epilepsia. 1995, 36 (Suppl 2): S2–12. PMID 8784210. S2CID 22628709. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb05996.x. hdl:2027.42/65277
.
- ^ Calzetti S, Findley LJ, Pisani F, Richens A. Phenylethylmalonamide in essential tremor. A double-blind controlled study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. October 1981, 44 (10): 932–934. PMC 491180
. PMID 7031184. doi:10.1136/jnnp.44.10.932.
- ^ Krügel U, Straub I, Beckmann H, Schaefer M. Primidone inhibits TRPM3 and attenuates thermal nociception in vivo. Pain. 2017-05, 158 (5): 856–867. PMC 5402713
. PMID 28106668. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000846.
- ^ Zhao S, Rohacs T. The newest TRP channelopathy: Gain of function TRPM3 mutations cause epilepsy and intellectual disability. Channels. 2021-12, 15 (1): 386–397. PMC 8057083
. PMID 33853504. doi:10.1080/19336950.2021.1908781.
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Primidone in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) (PDF). Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program. September 2000.
外部連結
[编辑]- Testing Status of Primidone (primaclone) 10270-A. National Toxicology Program.