津巴布韦克拉通

津巴布韦克拉通（英語：Zimbabwe Craton）是非洲南部一个古陆壳区域，是西冈瓦纳大陆的一部分，其岩石可以追溯到早太古代，可能早至34.6亿年前。^[1]该克拉通以克拉通大部分地区所在的津巴布韦命名。津巴布韦克拉通的岩石与东南方卡普瓦尔克拉通的岩层被250km宽的林波波缝合带麻粒岩相构造岩分开。林波波带与津巴布韦、卡普瓦尔克拉通同时形成，但地质活跃时期维持了很长时间。只是到了晚太古代，约28-25亿年前时，这两个板块才稳定连在一起，林波波带的高级变质作用才逐渐停止。津巴布韦克拉通的北部是赞比西缝合带。^[2]

来源

津巴布韦克拉通由两个较小的区块缝合而成，即南部的Tokwe地块和北部更小的Rhodesdale地块（又称Rhodesdale片麻岩带）。这些地块的岩石年代最早为34.6亿年前。^[1]Tokwe地块可能在33亿年前稳定下来，有证据表明Rhodesdale地块大约也在同一时期稳定下来。^[3]^[4]

Tokwe地块的共时范围是支持津巴布韦晚太古代绿岩带主要源于克拉通内的有力证据，并反驳了克拉通的弧增生起源说。^[4]

参考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Wilson, J. F.; Nesbitt, R. W. & Fanning, C. M. Zircon geochronology of Archaean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe Craton: a revision of greenstone stratigraphy and a model for crustal growth. Coward, M. P. & Ries, A. C. (编). Early Precambrian processes. Geological Society Special Publications, issue 95. London: Geological Society of London. 1995: 109–126. ISBN 978-1-897799-36-9.
^ Jelsma, H. A. and Dirks, P. H. G. M. Neoarchean Tectonic Evolution of the Zimbabwe Craton. Fowler, C. M. R.; Ebinger, C. L.; Hawkesworth, C. J. (编). The Early Earth: Physical, Chemical and Biological Development. Geological Society Special Publications, issue 199. London: Geological Society of London. 2002: 183–211. ISBN 978-1-86239-109-3.
^ Dirks, P. H. G. M. and Jesma, H. A. Crust–mantle decoupling and the growth of the Archaean Zimbabwe Craton. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2002, 34: 157–166. doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(02)00015-5.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Blenkinsop, T. G.; Martin, A.; Jelsma, H. A. & Vinyu, M. L. The Zimbabwe Craton. de Wit, M. J. & Ashwal, L. D. (编). Greenstone Belts. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. 1997: 567–580. ISBN 978-0-19-854056-4.

[Wilson-1995-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Wilson, J. F.; Nesbitt, R. W. & Fanning, C. M. Zircon geochronology of Archaean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe Craton: a revision of greenstone stratigraphy and a model for crustal growth. Coward, M. P. & Ries, A. C. (编). Early Precambrian processes. Geological Society Special Publications, issue 95. London: Geological Society of London. 1995: 109–126. ISBN 978-1-897799-36-9.

[Jelsma-2002-2] Jelsma, H. A. and Dirks, P. H. G. M. Neoarchean Tectonic Evolution of the Zimbabwe Craton. Fowler, C. M. R.; Ebinger, C. L.; Hawkesworth, C. J. (编). The Early Earth: Physical, Chemical and Biological Development. Geological Society Special Publications, issue 199. London: Geological Society of London. 2002: 183–211. ISBN 978-1-86239-109-3.

[Dirks-2002-3] Dirks, P. H. G. M. and Jesma, H. A. Crust–mantle decoupling and the growth of the Archaean Zimbabwe Craton. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2002, 34: 157–166. doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(02)00015-5.

[Blenkinsop-1997-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Blenkinsop, T. G.; Martin, A.; Jelsma, H. A. & Vinyu, M. L. The Zimbabwe Craton. de Wit, M. J. & Ashwal, L. D. (编). Greenstone Belts. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. 1997: 567–580. ISBN 978-0-19-854056-4.

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