Painting of the Wanli Emperor wearing mianfu. Mianfu is the highest level of formal dress worn by emperors and imperial family in special ceremonial events such as enthronement, morning audience, ancestral rites, worship, new year's audience and other ceremonial activities.
Mianguan of the Wanli Emperor, excavated from his mausoleum. This mianguan is the same one worn by the Wanli Emperor in the left picture.
The circular mound of the Temple of Heaven, where the Ming emperors would traditionally begin their enthronement ceremony by offering prayers to Heaven. According to state theology, it was believed that the emperor derived his mandate to rule from Heaven.
The Hall of Revering Heaven (Fengtian dian), the tallest palace building in the Forbidden City in Beijing, was used for grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the emperor's wedding and the ceremony for conferring the empress. During these occasions the emperor came to the hall to receive congratulations from the civil and military officials. In addition, the emperor met high-ranking officials and dispatched generals to the battles from this place.
Twitchett, Denis C; Mote, Frederick W. (编). The Cambridge History of China. Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1988. ISBN 0521243327.
Gu, Cheng. Nan Ming Shi 南明史 [History of Southern Ming]. Beijing: Guangming Daily Publishing House. 2011. ISBN 978-7-5112-1327-3（Chinese）. 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link)
Painting of the Wanli Emperor wearing mianfu. Mianfu is the highest level of formal dress worn by emperors and imperial family in special ceremonial events such as enthronement, morning audience, ancestral rites, worship, new year's audience and other ceremonial activities.
Mianguan of the Wanli Emperor, excavated from his mausoleum. This mianguan is the same one worn by the Wanli Emperor in the left picture.
The circular mound of the Temple of Heaven, where the Ming emperors would traditionally begin their enthronement ceremony by offering prayers to Heaven. According to state theology, it was believed that the emperor derived his mandate to rule from Heaven.
The Hall of Revering Heaven (Fengtian dian), the tallest palace building in the Forbidden City in Beijing, was used for grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the emperor's wedding and the ceremony for conferring the empress. During these occasions the emperor came to the hall to receive congratulations from the civil and military officials. In addition, the emperor met high-ranking officials and dispatched generals to the battles from this place.
The Dragon Throne in the Hall of Revering Heaven
