| 术语或短语
|
英语翻译
|
中文翻译
|
| a fortiori
|
"much more so"; from the stronger case; with stronger reason; with greater force
|
何况；更不用说；更加；更有理由[注 1]
|
| a posteriori
|
"from what comes after"; inductive reasoning
|
凭经验的；推溯；归纳；由果溯因
|
| a priori
|
"from what comes before"; deductive reasoning
|
先验的；推理；演绎；由因及果
|
| a quo
|
"from which"
|
来自；由此
|
| ab initio
|
"from the beginning"
|
一开始；从一开始；由最初开始；自始
|
| actus reus
|
"guilty act"
|
犯罪行为
|
| ad hoc
|
"for this purpose"
|
特设；专责
|
| ad idem
|
"of the same thing or result"; of the same mind; essentially the same
|
一致；同心；意见相同
|
| ad infinitum
|
"without limit"
|
永远；无限
|
| ad litem
|
"for the suit"
|
为了诉讼的目的
|
| ad valorem
|
"according to value"
|
从价
|
| allocatur
|
"it is allowed"
|
讼费评定证明书
|
| alter ego
|
"other self"
|
藉法人假借的身份
|
| amicus curiae
|
"friend of the court"
|
法庭之友〔不属诉讼一方而主动或应法庭邀请就案件提供意见或协助的人〕
|
| animus possidendi
|
"intention to possess a thing"
|
管有意图；拥有某物的意图
|
| animus testandi
|
"intention to make a testament or will"
|
订立遗嘱的意图
|
| bona vacantia
|
"goods that belong to no one"
|
无主财物
|
| casus belli
|
"case belligerent"
|
宣战原因；足以引起战争的挑衅；开战理由
|
| caveat emptor
|
"let the buyer beware"
|
买者自慎
|
| certiorari
|
"to be apprised"
|
移审令；移审令状；移审撤销令
|
| Cessante ratione legis cessat et ipsa lex.
|
When the reason of the law ceases, the law itself also ceases.
|
法律本身随法理消失而告终
|
| compos mentis
|
"master of one's mind"; full possession of mental powers
|
精神健全
|
| consensus ad idem
|
"a meeting of minds"
|
意见一致；达成协议
|
| contra proferentem
|
"the words of a contract are to be taken most strongly against the person who proposes it"; in full verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem
|
解释合约条文时应以不利于条文提出者的解释为准（的原则）
|
| coram non judice
|
"not before a judge"; or before a judge not authorised to take cognizance
|
不在法官席前；在无审判权的法官席前
|
| corpus delicti
|
"the body of a crime"
|
犯罪事实；犯罪遗体；罪体
|
| corpus juris
|
"the body of law"; the law as the sum of laws
|
法令大全；法典
|
| crimen falsi
|
"the crimes of falsifying"; dishonesty, fraud, corruption, perjury, forgery, etc; also falsi crimen
|
与伪造、欺诈、贪污、作伪证等有关的罪行
|
| curia advisari vult; cur. adv. vult
|
"the court will advise"; the court will consider
|
容后判决
|
| trespass de bonis asportatis
|
"trespass for carrying goods away"; trespass to goods
|
侵害动产行为；侵物行为
|
| de bonis non administratis; d.b.n.
|
"(of) the goods not administered"
|
待管遗产；未作管理的遗产；未分配的遗产
|
| de facto
|
"of fact"; in fact
|
事实上；事实；实际上
|
| de jure
|
"of law"; according to law
|
法律上；法律；按照法律的
|
| De minimis non curat lex.
|
The law does not take account of trifles.
|
法律不问琐事
|
| de minimis principle
|
|
“法律不问琐事”的原则
|
| de novo
|
"anew"
|
更始；重新
|
| Deorum injuriae diis curae.
|
"The gods take care of injuries to the gods."
|
得罪神者，神将自罚之〔刑法上的亵渎罪属侵害公众的罪行，而非侵害神明的罪行〕
|
| dictum
|
"a saying"
|
法官的意见
|
| doli incapax
|
"incapable of guilt"
|
无犯罪能力；无能力犯罪
|
| donatio mortis causa
|
"gift in contemplation of death"; also gift mortis causa
|
临终赠予；临终赠与；临终遗赠；预期死亡而作出的赠与
|
| duces tecum
|
"bring with you"
|
着令携带文件出庭
|
| ejusdem generis
|
"as of the same kind"
|
同类；同类原则
|
| et sequentes; et seq.
|
"and those which follow"
|
以及下列各项；以及其后的；及以下的
|
| ex aequo et bono
|
of equity and the good
|
公平善意原则
|
| ex ante
|
"from before"; based on assumption and prediction
|
事前；预期
|
| ex cathedra
|
"from the chair"; with authority
|
来自权威方面
|
| ex delicto
|
"from a tort"; offence against the law; in tort
|
在侵权法上；由于侵权而引起的（诉讼）
|
| ex facie
|
"from the face"; in view of what is apparent
|
形式上；从表面看
|
| ex gratia
|
"out of grace"; as a favour; not by legal necessity
|
特惠
|
| ex officio
|
"by virtue of one's office"
|
当然；依职权
|
| ex parte
|
"from a party"; from or on behalf of only one side to a law suit
|
单方面
|
| ex post
|
"from after"; based on knowledge and facts
|
具追溯力的；根据过去
|
| ex post facto
|
"form what is done afterward"; after the fact
|
事后；事后的
|
| ex proprio motu
|
"of his own motion"
|
出于自愿的；自动作出的；主动作出
|
| exempli gratia; e.g.
|
"for the sake of example"; as an example
|
例如
|
| extant
|
"existing"
|
现存；维持
|
| factum
|
"a fact"; a thing done
|
已发生的事；既成之事
|
| felo de se
|
"felon of himself"; suicide
|
自杀
|
| fiat
|
"let it be done"
|
指令；准照
|
| fieri facias
|
"may you cause to be done"
|
财物扣押
|
| writ of fieri facias
|
"may you cause to be done"
|
扣押债务人财产令状；财物扣押令
|
| forum non conveniens
|
"an inappropriate forum"
|
不便审理的法院；不便诉讼地
|
| functus officio
|
"having performed his/her office"
|
职分已完；权责终结
|
| gravamen of the offence
|
|
罪行重点
|
| guardian ad litem
|
|
诉讼监护人；辩护监护人
|
| writ of habeas corpus
|
"may you have the body"
|
人身保护令；人身保护令状
|
| hostis humani generis
|
"enemy of the human race"
|
人类公敌
|
| in absentia
|
"being absent from"
|
缺席
|
| in camera
|
"in a chamber"
|
以非公开形式；在法官私室（审议）；闭门
|
| in curia
|
within or of the court; in open court
|
在法庭内
|
| in esse
|
"in being"; in actual existence
|
确实存在的
|
| in extenso
|
"in full"; at length; unabridged
|
全文；未经删减；详尽
|
| in forma pauperis
|
"in the form of a poor person"; not liable for court costs
|
以贫穷者身份免付讼费
|
| in futuro
|
"in the future"
|
将来的
|
| in limine
|
"on the threshold"
|
最初；开始
|
| in loco parentis
|
"in the place of a parent"
|
代替父母地位；身居父母地位
|
| in pari delicto
|
"in equal fault"
|
同样有错；皆有过失
|
| In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis.
|
When both parties are equally at fault, the position of the possessor is the better.
|
在双方皆有过失的情况下管有者占优势
|
| In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis.
|
In a case of equal or mutual fault the defending party is in the better position.
|
在双方皆有过失的情况下被告人占优势
|
| in pari materia
|
"upon an analogous matter or subject"
|
在类似情况下；关于同一事宜
|
| in personam
|
"against a person"
|
对人
|
| in propria persona
|
"in one's own person"
|
无律师代表；亲自（出庭）
|
| in re
|
"in the matter of"; regarding
|
有关……事宜；关于……事
|
| in rem
|
"against a thing"
|
对物
|
| in situ
|
"in place"; back in place
|
原址；在原处；就地
|
| in terrorem
|
"in order to frighten"
|
威吓性的；警告性的
|
| in toto
|
"entirely; completely; wholly"
|
整个；全部；完全
|
| indicia
|
"indications"
|
标志；记号；证明；象征
|
| infra
|
"below"
|
以下；在下面的
|
| injuria absque damno
|
"injury without damage"; also injuria sine damno
|
没有造成损害的法律过失〔不产生赔偿权〕
|
| injuria sine damno
|
"injury without damage"
|
未造成损害的侵权行为
|
| innuendo
|
"by nodding"; meaning; to wit; that is to say
|
影射；暗指；状书的注解；讥讽；附注句
|
| inter alia
|
"among other things"
|
其中包括；连同其他事宜
|
| inter se
|
"between or among themselves"
|
相互之间
|
| inter vivos
|
"between living persons"; from one living person to another
|
在世时；生者之间
|
| gift inter vivos
|
"between living persons"; from one living person to another
|
生者之间的赠予
|
| intra vires
|
"within the powers of"
|
在权限以内
|
| ipse dixit
|
"he himself said it"; bare assertion
|
未经证实之言；武断的话；亲口所述的未经证实之言
|
| ipsissima verba
|
"the selfsame words"
|
一如其言；确切原文
|
| ipso facto
|
"by that very fact"; by its very nature; regardless of right or wrong
|
因此事实
|
| entail ipso jure
|
"the law itself"
|
在法律上……导致
|
| jurat
|
"(He) swears"
|
誓章末处
|
| jus
|
"law"; "right"; "justice"
|
权利；法；法则；法律
|
| jus accrescendi
|
right of survivorship
|
尚存者取得权
|
| jus ad bellum
|
right to war
|
战争权
|
| jus civile
|
"law of the citizen"; also civil law
|
民事法律；民法；私法
|
| jus cogens
|
"coercive law"
|
强制性法则
|
| jus gentium
|
"the law of nations"; international law
|
国际法；国际法律；国际间的法律
|
| jus in bello
|
"law in war"; law of war
|
战争法
|
| jus naturale
|
"the law of nature"; private natural right; natural law
|
自然法则
|
| plea of jus tertii
|
"the right of a third party", plea of the right of a third party
|
第三方权利之诉
|
| lacuna
|
"void"; "gap"
|
法律漏洞；空白；空隙；缺陷；脱漏
|
| lacuna in legislative provisions
|
"void"; "gap"
|
法律条文的空隙
|
| lacuna in the evidence
|
"void"; "gap"
|
证据上的空隙
|
| lex fori
|
"the law of the forum or court"
|
审判地法
|
| lex loci actus
|
"the law of the place where an act is done"
|
行为地法
|
| lex loci celebrationis
|
"the law of the place where a ceremony is performed"
|
仪式举行地法
|
| lex loci contractus
|
"the law of the place where a contract is made"
|
缔约地法
|
| lex loci delictus
|
"the law of the place where the tort was committed"
|
侵权行为发生地法
|
| lex situs
|
"the law of the place where the property is located"; also lex loci rei sitae
|
财产所在地法
|
| lex scripta
|
"written law"
|
成文法
|
| lex non scripta
|
"unwritten law"
|
不成文法
|
| lis pendens
|
"a suit pending in court"; suit pending in court
|
待决案件
|
| locus
|
"place"
|
地点；场所；所在地
|
| locus actus
|
"place of the act"
|
行事之地
|
| locus in quo
|
"the place where sth. is alleged to have occurred"
|
事发地；案发现场
|
| locus poenitentiae
|
"a place of repentance"
|
反悔；改变主意等的机会［如在拍卖中撤回出价、合约义务形成前取消合约、正式达成协议前退出交易等的机会］
|
| locus sigilli; L.S.
|
"the place of the seal"
|
印章位置；盖印处
|
| locus standi
|
"place of standing"; the right to bring an action or to be heard in a given forum
|
参与……的资格；出庭资格；发言权
|
| mala fide
|
"in bad faith"; also mala fides
|
不真诚；恶意
|
| malum in se
|
"evil in itself"
|
本质上邪恶的
|
| malum prohibitum
|
"wrong merely because it is proscribed"
|
法律禁止的
|
| mandamus
|
"we command"
|
履行义务令；履行职务令；履行责任令
|
| order of mandamus
|
"we command"
|
履行义务令；履行责任令
|
| writ of mandamus
|
"we command"
|
履行义务令状
|
| mens rea
|
"guilty mind"
|
犯罪意图；犯罪意念
|
| Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea.
|
An act does not make a person guilty unless his or her mind is guilty.
|
没有犯罪意图的行为不构成犯罪
|
| causa mortis
|
"in contemplation of death"
|
临终作出的；预期死亡而作的
|
| succession mortis causa
|
"in contemplation of death"
|
死亡继承
|
| mutatis mutandis
|
"having changed [the things that] needed to be changed"
|
在加以必要的变通后；加以必要的变通；可作必要的变通；在细节上经适当的修改后；经必要的变通后
|
| writ of ne exeat regno; ne exeat regno
|
"let him not go out of the realm"
|
防止被告人离开和移走财产令状
|
| Nemo dat quod non habet.
|
He who hath not cannot give.
|
不能给付自己没有的东西；不能付出自己没有的东西
|
| Nemo debet esse judex in propria causa.
|
No one should be judge in his own cause.
|
无人可裁判自己的案件
|
| Nemo est supra leges.
|
No one is above the law.
|
无人可凌驾于法律之上
|
| Nemo in propria causa testis esse debet.
|
No one can be a witness in his own cause.
|
无人可在自己的案件中充当证人
|
| Nemo judex in causa sua
|
No one should be a judge in one's own case.
|
任何人不得成为自己案件的法官
|
| Iniquum est aliquem rei sui esse judicem.
|
It is unjust for anyone to be judge in his own cause.
|
自审己案有违公正。
|
| nihil dicit; nil dicit
|
"he (she) says nothing"
|
不答辩；无答辩
|
| nisi
|
"unless"
|
暂准
|
| nolle prosequi
|
"not to prosecute"
|
中止检控
|
| non compos mentis
|
"not of sound mind"
|
精神不健全
|
| defence of non est factum
|
"not my deed"
|
否认曾订立合约（或声称签署文件时不知道文件内容）的抗辩
|
| non liquet; n.l.
|
"it is not clear"
|
不明确；不能确定何地法律；适用案情不清
|
| novus actus interveniens
|
"a new intervening act"
|
新介入的行为
|
| Noscitur a sociis.
|
It is known from its associates.
|
词义不清时，按上下文的文意理解
|
| nudum pactum
|
"nude pact"; a promise unsupported by consideration; voluntary promise; also nude contract
|
无偿合约
|
| Nudum pactum ex quo non oritur actio.
|
A naked agreement is that from which no action arises.
|
不能就无偿合约兴讼
|
| nulla bona
|
"no goods to levy"; no goods to levy
|
没有财物可供检取
|
| nunc pro tunc
|
"now for then"
|
具追溯力的
|
| order nunc pro tunc
|
"now for then"
|
事后补正的命令
|
| obiter dictum
|
"thing said in passing"; thing said in passing
|
判词旁论；法官宣判时所提出的附带意见
|
| Actori incumbit onus probandi.
|
The burden of proof rests upon the plaintiff.
|
举证责任在原告人
|
| ore tenus
|
"orally"; by word of mouth
|
口头上
|
| par delictum
|
"equal wrong"; equal wrong
|
同等的过失
|
| pari passu
|
"with equal step"; at an equal pace
|
平等地；同时及同等地
|
| rank pari passu
|
"with equal step"; at an equal pace
|
享有同等权益
|
| sharing pari passu
|
"with equal step"; at an equal pace
|
享有同等权益
|
| pendente lite
|
"while the action is pending"
|
诉讼待决期间；案件待决
|
| administrator pendente lite
|
"while the action is pending"
|
诉讼待决期间遗产管理人
|
| administration pendente lite
|
"while the action is pending"
|
诉讼待决期间的遗产管理
|
| per capita
|
"by head"
|
按每个人计算
|
| per contra
|
"on the other hand"
|
反之；对比；相反
|
| per curiam; per cur.
|
"by the court"
|
用官判词；由法庭作出的；由法院决定；引用法官判词
|
| per incuriam
|
"through want of care or inadvertence"
|
有疏漏的判决；疏忽所致
|
| per quod
|
"whereby"
|
因此；归咎于；由于
|
| defamation per quod
|
"whereby"; defamation requiring reference to additional facts
|
不明显的诽谤；非直接的诽谤
|
| Quod per me non possum, nec per lium.
|
What I cannot do in person, also cannot do through the agency of another.
|
凡自己不能作出的，亦不能假手于人
|
| per se
|
"of, in, or by itself"; inherently
|
本身
|
| defamation per se
|
"of, in, or by itself"; defamation by itself
|
本质即属诽谤者
|
| Qui facit per alium facit per se.
|
A person who acts through another acts himself.
|
代理人所作的等同于主事人所作
|
| per stirpes
|
"according to stock"
|
按家系〔无遗嘱遗产分配办法〕
|
| post hoc, ergo propter hoc
|
"after this, therefore because of this"; confusing sequence with consequence
|
事随其后，故必由此引起〔时序与因果关系的混淆〕
|
| post mortem examination
|
"after death"
|
验尸；死因检验
|
| prima facie
|
"at first sight"; on the face of it
|
表面
|
| pro bono publico
|
"for public good"; for the community as a whole
|
为了公众利益
|
| pro forma
|
"for form"; as a matter of form
|
基于形式上的；形式上；既定格式
|
| pro hac vice
|
"for this occasion or particular purpose"
|
只此一回；限于此目的
|
| pro rata
|
"in proportion"; ratably
|
按比例
|
| pro se
|
"on one's own behalf"; on one's own behalf
|
为个人（利益）；亲自（诉讼）
|
| Quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introducto.
|
Every one may renounce or relinquish a right introduced for his own benefit.
|
人人皆可放弃自己所获之权利
|
| pro tanto
|
"for so much"; to that extent
|
以此为限；至此
|
| pro tempore; pro tem.
|
"temporarily"; for the time being
|
暂时；临时
|
| in propria persona
|
"in one's own person"; in person
|
无律师代表；亲自（出庭）
|
| qua
|
"as claimed by"; in the capacity of; as
|
以……的身份；藉……的身份
|
| sed quaere
|
"but question"
|
需再深入审查
|
| quantum
|
"as much"
|
分量；总量；量；金额；额量
|
| quantum meruit
|
"as much as one has deserved"; the reasonable value of services
|
按服务计酬
|
| quantum valeba(n)t
|
"as much as it may be worth"; the reasonable value of goods and services
|
按值付价
|
| quasi
|
"as if"
|
准；近似；类似
|
| quid pro quo
|
"something for something"; tit for tat
|
交换条件；对价；相等的补偿
|
| in statu quo; in statu quo ante
|
"in the same condition as previously"
|
按原状；维持原状
|
| quo warranto
|
"by what authority"; a prerogative writ
|
追究职权或特权依据的令状
|
| ratio decidendi
|
"the reason for a decision"; reasons for judgment
|
判词主旨；判决理由
|
| res
|
thing
|
物；财产
|
| res ipsa loquitur
|
"the thing speaks for itself"; the thing speaks for itself
|
不证自明；事实昭显
|
| res gestae
|
"things done"; events which happened
|
已做的事；已成之事；有关事实〔以别于传闻〕
|
| res judicata
|
"the thing has been decided"; a matter adjudged or settled by judgment; also chose jugée
|
已判事项；既判案件；已判决的事项
|
| res nullius
|
"thing of no one"
|
无主物；无主财产
|
| respondeat superior
|
"let that master or principal answer"
|
由委托人答辩〔委托人对代理人（或雇主对雇员等）所负的转承责任〕
|
| scienter
|
"knowingly"; knowingly
|
故意；知情；明知
|
| writ of scire facias (sci. fa.)
|
"let him or her know"
|
告知令状
|
| seriatim
|
"in series"
|
依次；逐条；顺序
|
| traversed seriatim
|
"in series"
|
逐一拒认
|
| sine die
|
"without day"; indefinitely
|
无期；无限期；待续无期
|
| adjourned sine die
|
"without day"; indefinitely
|
无限期押后；休会待续无期
|
| sine qua non
|
"without which is not"
|
不可或缺的
|
| causa sine qua non
|
"cause without which not"
|
不可缺少的原因
|
| situs
|
"poistion, situation"
|
所在地
|
| stare decisis
|
"to stand by things decided and not to disturb settled points"; in full stare decisis et non quieta movere
|
遵循先例；遵照先例原则
|
| status quo
|
"the state in which; the state at which things are or were"
|
原状；现状
|
| status quo ante
|
"the situation that existed before something else occurred"
|
原状
|
| sua sponte
|
"on its own motion"; on its own motion
|
主动；自行
|
| sub nomine; sub nom.
|
"under the name"; under the name of …
|
在……名（义）下
|
| subpoena
|
"under penalty"
|
传召
|
| subpoena ad respondendum
|
commanded to appear and respond
|
传召到庭答辩令状
|
| subpoena ad testificandum
|
commanded to appear and testify
|
着令出庭作证的传召证人出庭令；着令出庭作证的传召出庭令状
|
| subpoena duces tecum
|
commanded to bring all pertinent documents to court and testify
|
着令携带文件出庭的传召证人出庭令；着令携带文件出庭的传召出庭令状
|
| suggestio falsi
|
"suggestion of an untruth"
|
假声明；虚假的提示或暗示
|
| sui generis
|
"of its own kind"; of its own kind
|
自成一类；独特的；自成一类的
|
| writ of supersedeas
|
"you shall desist"
|
中止诉讼程序的令状
|
| Suppressio veri expressio falsi.
|
Suppression of the truth is the expression of what is false. Also suppressio veri.
|
隐瞒事实等于说谎
|
| supra
|
"above"
|
以上；在上面的；见上文
|
| terra nullius
|
"land that belongs to nobody"
|
无主地；无人拥有之地
|
| trial de novo
|
"trial anew"
|
重审
|
| uberrima fides; uberrimae fidei
|
"of the utmost good faith"
|
符合绝对真诚原则
|
| ultra vires
|
"beyond strength"
|
越权；越权的
|
| vel non
|
"or not"; whether or not
|
不论是否
|
| veto
|
"I forbid"
|
否决
|
| vice versa
|
"the change being turned"; conversely
|
反之亦然
|
| vide
|
"see"
|
见
|
| videlicet; viz.
|
"it is permitted to see"; to wit; namely
|
即；就是
|
| vir et uxor
|
"husband and wife"
|
夫妇
|
