少孢根霉

少孢根霉
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	毛霉门 Mucoromycota
纲：	毛霉纲 Mucoromycetes
目：	毛霉目 Mucorales
科：	毛霉科 Mucoraceae
属：	根霉属 Rhizopus
种：	少孢根霉 R. oligosporus
二名法
	Rhizopus oligosporus; Saito

少孢根霉（学名：Rhizopus oligosporus）是根霉属的一种真菌，常作为制作丹贝的发酵剂，它可以长出白色蓬松的菌丝体，与被部份分解的大豆结合成白色的饼状食品^[1]，这种真菌可以在印尼摄氏30-40度的环境下快速生长，且脂肪分解（英语：Lipolysis）与蛋白酶解的活性高，又可以分泌抑制其他微生物生长的物质，因而适合用来生产丹贝^[2]^[3]。少孢根霉可能于数个世纪前，在印尼由微孢毛霉（英语：Rhizopus microsporus）驯化而来，并在驯化的过程中丢失了制造根瘤菌素（英语：rhizoxin）与rhizonin等毒素的基因^[4]。

少孢根霉被食用后，会在人体中继续分泌抗生素，抑制金黄色葡萄球菌与枯草杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌的生长，有研究显示常食用丹贝的人较不易发生肠道感染^[5]。

分类

有研究将少孢根霉视为微孢毛霉（英语：Rhizopus microsporus）的变种（Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus）^[6]。2014年，分子种系发生学的研究结果显示少孢根霉与微孢毛霉是同一种物种，两者互为同物异名^[7]。

参考资料

^ Shurtleff, W. & Aoyagi, A. 2001. The book of tempeh. 2 2. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley, California pp.
^ Nout, M.J.R. Effect of Rhizopus and Neurospora spp. on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut. Mycological Research. 1989, 93: 518–523. doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(89)80046-2.
^ Kobayasi, Sin-ya; Naoto, OKAZAKI; Takuya, KosEKI. Purification and Characterization of an Antibiotic Substance Produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 1992, 56 (1): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94.
^ Jennessen, J.; Nielsen, K.F.; Houbraken, J.; Lyhne, E.K.; Schnürer, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. Secondary metabolite and mycotoxin production by the Rhizopus microsporus group. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2005, 53: 1833–1840. PMID 15740082. doi:10.1021/jf048147n.
^ Kobayasi, S; Okazaki, N; Koseki, T. Purification and characterization of an antibiotic substance produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. January 1992, 56 (2): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94.
^ Anastasia Tatik Hartanti, Gayuh Rahayu, Iman Hidayat. Rhizopus Species from Fresh Tempeh Collected from Several Regions in Indonesia 22 (3). HAYATI Journal of Biosciences: 136-142. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.hjb.2015.10.004.
^ Somayeh Dolatabadi, Grit Walther,A. H. G. Gerrits van den Ende, G. S. de Hoog. Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus 64 (1). Fungal Diversity: 145-163. 2014. doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0229-6.

外部链接

分类地位（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Shurtleff, W. & Aoyagi, A. 2001. The book of tempeh. 2 2. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley, California pp.

[2] Nout, M.J.R. Effect of Rhizopus and Neurospora spp. on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut. Mycological Research. 1989, 93: 518–523. doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(89)80046-2.

[3] Kobayasi, Sin-ya; Naoto, OKAZAKI; Takuya, KosEKI. Purification and Characterization of an Antibiotic Substance Produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 1992, 56 (1): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94.

[4] Jennessen, J.; Nielsen, K.F.; Houbraken, J.; Lyhne, E.K.; Schnürer, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. Secondary metabolite and mycotoxin production by the Rhizopus microsporus group. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2005, 53: 1833–1840. PMID 15740082. doi:10.1021/jf048147n.

[5] Kobayasi, S; Okazaki, N; Koseki, T. Purification and characterization of an antibiotic substance produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. January 1992, 56 (2): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94.

[6] Anastasia Tatik Hartanti, Gayuh Rahayu, Iman Hidayat. Rhizopus Species from Fresh Tempeh Collected from Several Regions in Indonesia 22 (3). HAYATI Journal of Biosciences: 136-142. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.hjb.2015.10.004.

[7] Somayeh Dolatabadi, Grit Walther,A. H. G. Gerrits van den Ende, G. S. de Hoog. Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus 64 (1). Fungal Diversity: 145-163. 2014. doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0229-6.

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