用户:Assanges/sandbox/在越朝鲜人
| 在越朝鲜人 | |
|---|---|
| 分布地区 | |
| 胡志明市[1] | |
| 语言 | |
| 韩语 | |
| 相关族群 | |
| 海外韩侨 |
在越朝鲜人是指一群在越南居住的朝鲜人，他们最初只是一群在越的少数族裔，多为为越战的两边（北越和南越）打仗[2]。在越战完结以后，有少数的朝鲜人到越南定居及旅游，而在韩国经济快速成长、朝鲜饥荒导致大量韩国投资者及脱北者涌入以及不少韩国男性与越南女性建立婚姻等明朗因素底下[3][4]，直至2009年，在越朝鲜人已是东南亚第二大的海外韩侨社群，仅次于菲律宾的海外韩侨社群。此外，他们也是全球第十大的海外韩侨社群。
越战时期
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尽管当时韩国军队人数以及武器配备较北韩优胜，但两韩还是再在越南战争中投入了大量的人力物力支援各自的意识形态盟友 。而早在1954年，当时的韩国总统李承晚表示愿意派军队到越南，但他的建议被美国国务院拒绝了 ，首批踏上越南土地的韩国人，已经是10年后的一群非战斗人员：34名军官、96名韩国军队的医疗兵以及十名跆拳道教练。 [5]总体而言，由1965年至1973年，312853 名韩国士兵在越南打过仗，越南官方估计他们杀了41,400名 北越军队士兵和 5000名平民；韩国军队还在战争时利用两韩语言相同的特点，成功扰乱了支援北越的朝鲜士兵及其盟友。但是他们亦被控干犯战争罪行，以及遗下为数不少的韩越混血的子女在越南。[5] [6]
由于南韩军队出兵支援南越，1966年10月，朝鲜劳动党决定于1967初，派遣北韩一个战斗机连队到北越支援越共的第921和923战斗来巩固河内的防卫，到1968年左右，已有200名飞行员在此服役。
[6] 此外，至少有两个对空炮兵团也派遣于此，北韩也运送了武器军火和二百万套的军服给在北越的同志。[7]而时任北韩领导人的金日成队飞行员进行喊话，称"fight in the war as if the Vietnamese sky were their own".[8][9][10]
In 2003, readers of South Korean newspaper Hankyoreh, which ran a series of articles exposing atrocities committed by South Korean troops during the war, donated over US$100,000 to set up a memorial park and peace museum in Phu Yen Province.[11] Former South Korean soldiers such as Ahn Jung-hyo and Hwang Suk-young have also written novels about their experiences in Vietnam.[5]
战后迁徙
[编辑]南韩投资者
[编辑]Four years after the 1992 normalisation of diplomatic ties, South Korea was already annually conducting $1.3 billion of trade with Vietnam, making them Vietnam's third-largest trading partner; they were also the fourth-largest foreign investor after Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong, having put $1.987 billion into Vietnam.[3] The pace of their investment roughly doubled over the next ten years; in the first five months of 2006, new South Korean investment in Vietnam totalled to around $400 million, and roughly one thousand Korean companies had operations in the country.[12]
Following along with the investment dollars, the South Korean expatriate community in Vietnam has grown significantly. According to Chang Keun Lee of the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Vietnam, Koreans formed the country's second-largest group of expatriates, with only the Taiwan expatriate community being larger; he estimated that half lived in Ho Chi Minh City.[12] Statistics from South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade show that their population has grown by nearly fifty times in little more than a decade. Their population more than trebled from 1,788 in 1997 to 6,226 in 2003, then jumped to more than thirteen times that size—84,566—by just six years later.[13][1] The country's first school for South Korean nationals, the weekend Hanoi Hangul School, was founded on 1 March, 1996, enrolling 122 students at the kindergarten through middle school levels); two Korean day schools were also later established, one in Ho Chi Minh City (founded 4 August, 1998, enrolling 745 students at the kindergarten through high school levels), and a smaller one in Hanoi (founded 13 July, 2006, with 63 elementary-level students).[14][15][16]
脱北者
[编辑]由于越南山少的地形，在2004年以前，数以千计的脱北者跨 越越南北部的边界寻找前往韩国的路线，因此越南被描述为脱北者的“首选东南亚逃走路线”。尽管越南在名义上仍处于共产阵营，并与北韩处于友好邦交状态；但近几年由于南韩的投资不断上升，越南往往默许脱北难民从其转移到首尔。
The increased South Korean presence in the country also proved a magnet for defectors; four of the biggest defector safehouses in Vietnam were run by South Korean expatriates, and many defectors indicated that they chose to try to cross the border from China into Vietnam precisely because they had heard about such safehouses.[4] In July 2004, 468 North Korean refugees were airlifted to South Korea in the single largest mass defection; Vietnam initially tried to keep their role in the airlift secret, and in advance of the deal, even anonymous sources in the South Korean government would only tell reporters that the defectors came from "an unidentified Asian country".[17] Following the airlift, Vietnam would tighten up border controls and deport several safe-house operators.[4]
国际联姻
[编辑]不少的韩国人会到越南找新娘，而当地有大约 2000 至 3000 家婚姻介绍所为此列人服务。起初在1990年代，娶越南新娘的主要都是韩国农民，尔后，跨国婚姻介绍机构亦为城市的韩国人'
Many South Korean men come to Vietnam seeking to find wives, as customers of the two to three thousand South Korean marriage agencies which specialise in making such matches. Though in the 1990s, most were farmers, an increasing number of urban men have also resorted to arranging marriages through international matchmaking agencies; they cite the difficulty faced by uneducated men or those with low incomes in attracting South Korean women to marry them.[18] As of 2006, as many as 5,000 Vietnamese brides left with new South Korean husbands every year.[12]
参见条目
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 재외동포현황 - 아시아 (Status of overseas compatriots - Asia), Overseas Korean Foundation, 2005 [2008-09-10]
- ^ Ku, Su-Jeong, The secret tragedy of Vietnam, The Hankyoreh, 1999-09-02 [2007-03-27]
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Balfour, Frederik, Vietnam a Strategic Choice, International Herald Tribune, 1996-09-16 [2007-03-27]
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Perilous Journeys; The Plight of North Koreans in China and Beyond (PDF), The Nautilus Institute, 2006-10-26 [2007-03-27]
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Kagan, Richard C., Disarming Memories: Japanese, Korean, and American Literature on the Vietnam War, Critical Asian Studies, 2000, 32 (4) [2008-12-02] 已忽略未知参数
|month=（建议使用|date=） (帮助) - ^ Bennett, Richard M., Missiles and madness, Asia Times, 2006-08-18 [2007-03-27]
- ^ Pribbenow, Merle, The 'Ology War: technology and ideology in the defense of Hanoi, 1967, Journal of Military History, 2003, 67 (1): 183
- ^ Gluck, Caroline, N Korea admits Vietnam war role, BBC News, 2001-07-27 [2007-03-27]
- ^ North Korea fought in Vietnam War, BBC News, 2000-03-31 [2007-03-27]
- ^ North Korea honours Vietnam war dead, BBC News, 2001-07-12 [2006-10-19]
- ^ Arthurs, Clare, South Koreans atone for Vietnam War, BBC News, 2003-01-21 [2007-03-27]
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Kelly, Tim, Ho Chi Minh Money Trail, Forbes, 2006-09-18 [2007-03-27]
- ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
MOFAT的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Overseas Korean Educational Institutions: 하노이한글학교. National Institute for International Education Development, Republic of Korea. 2007 [2007-05-15].
- ^ 호치민시한국학교, Overseas Korean Educational Institutions ([失效链接] – [http://scholar.google.co.uk/
olar?hl=en&lr=&q=intitle%3AOverseas+Korean+Educational+Institutions&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&btnG=Search Scholar search]), Republic of Korea: National Institute for International Education Development, 2007 [2007-05-15] 参数
|format=值左起第223位存在换行符 (帮助) - ^ 하노이한국학교, Overseas Korean Educational Institutions ([失效链接] – Scholar search), Republic of Korea: National Institute for International Education Development, 2007 [2007-05-15]
- ^ Hundreds of North Koreans to enter South, reports say, Associated Press, 2004-07-23 [2007-03-27]
- ^ Onishi, Norimitsu, Marriage brokers in Vietnam cater to S. Korean bachelors, International Herald Tribune, 2007-02-21 [2007-03-27]