中國刀劍
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中國的刀劍類武器在傳統上可分為「刀」與「劍」兩個大類。其中「劍」通常為兩側對稱的雙刃式設計，主要的攻擊方式為刺/扎/截等，在英語中通常意譯作「longsword」；與之相對的，「刀」一般則是一邊開刃的單刃式設計，並且自宋代起刀身整體多為彎曲式，主要攻擊方式為劈/砍/切等，在英語中通常意譯作「saber」或「knife」。
中國的刀劍歷史最早可追溯至上古時代，最早的青銅劍於西周時期便已經出現，刀劍的材料在戰國時代後期開始改為使用更為耐操的鍛鐵與鋼材。而在現代，解放軍海軍的儀仗刀自2008年起開始仿照中國傳統刀劍的樣式而設計[1][2]。除蝴蝶雙刀等特殊武器之外，一般的中國刀劍在長度上通常都為70—110 cm（28—43英寸）左右，但一些情況下也會有超長的刀劍被使用[3]。
除了古代中國之外，日本古代也曾在公元3至6世紀期間使用過中國式刀劍，但後者在平安時代期間逐漸演化為了日本刀並隨之被其所最終取代[4]。
參見
[編輯]參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Chinese naval academy graduates receive swords. [2023-10-26]. （原始內容存檔於2023-09-10）.
- ^ 一部全球海军佩剑史：从中国军官配发汉剑说起|界面新闻 · JMedia. www.jiemian.com. [2023-10-26]. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-26）.
- ^ Wagner, Donald B. Iron and Steel in Ancient China. New York, New York: E. J. Brill. 1993: 191–199. ISBN 90-04-06234-3.
- ^ Sugawara, Tetsutaka; Lujian Xing. Aikido and Chinese Martial Arts: Its Fundamental Relations Vol. 1. Japan Publications Trading. 1996: 4–5. ISBN 0-87040-934-4.
書目
[編輯]- Andrade, Tonio, The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History, Princeton University Press, 2016, ISBN 978-0-691-13597-7.
- Behr, Wolfgang. Stray loanword gleanings from two Ancient Chinese fictional texts. 16e Journées de Linguistique d'Asie Orientale, Centre de Recherches Linguistiques Sur l'Asie Orientale (E.H.E.S.S.), Paris. 2002: 1–6.
- Brindley, Erica Fox, Ancient China and the Yue, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-08478-0.
- Brindley, Erica Fox, Barbarians or Not? Ethnicity and Changing Conceptions of the Ancient Yue (Viet) Peoples, ca. 400–50 BC (PDF), Asia Major 16 (2): 1–32, 2003 [2023-10-26], JSTOR 41649870, （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2023-03-26）.
- Coyet, Frederic, Neglected Formosa: a translation from the Dutch of Frederic Coyett's Verwaerloosde Formosa, 1975
- Crespigny, Rafe de, Fire Over Luoyang: A History of the Later Han Dynasty, 23-220 AD, Brill, 2017
- Graff, David A., Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900, Routledge, 2002
- Graff, David A., The Eurasian Way of War: Military practice in seventh-century China and Byzantium, Routledge, 2016
- Kitamura, Takai, Zhanlue Zhanshu Bingqi: Zhongguo Zhonggu Pian, Gakken, 1999
- Lorge, Peter A., Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-87881-4
- Lorge, Peter, The Reunification of China: Peace through War under the Song Dynasty, Cambridge University Press, 2015
- Milburn, Olivia, The Glory of Yue, 2010
- Peers, C.J., Ancient Chinese Armies: 1500-200BC, Osprey Publishing, 1990
- Peers, C.J., Medieval Chinese Armies: 1260-1520, Osprey Publishing, 1992
- Peers, C.J., Imperial Chinese Armies (1): 200BC-AD589, Osprey Publishing, 1995
- Peers, C.J., Imperial Chinese Armies (2): 590-1260AD, Osprey Publishing, 1996
- Peers, C.J., Soldiers of the Dragon: Chinese Armies 1500 BC - AD 1840, Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2006
- Peers, Chris, Battles of Ancient China, Pen & Sword Military, 2013
- Perdue, Peter C., China Marches West, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005
- Robinson, K.G., Science and Civilization in China Volume 7 Part 2: General Conclusions and Reflections, Cambridge University Press, 2004
- Swope, Kenneth M., A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598, University of Oklahoma Press, 2009
- Wood, W. W., Sketches of China, 1830
- Wagner, Donald B., Iron and Steel in Ancient China, E.J. Brill, 1996
- Wagner, Donald B., Science and Civilization in China Volume 5-11: Ferrous Metallurgy, Cambridge University Press, 2008
- Wright, David, From War to Diplomatic Parity in Eleventh Century China, Brill, 2005
- Late Imperial Chinese Armies: 1520-1840 C.J. Peers, Illustrated by Christa Hook, Osprey Publishing «Men-at-arms», ISBN 1-85532-655-8