伊羅曼加龍屬

伊羅曼加龍屬; 化石時期：早侏羅世，103 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	復原圖
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目：	†蛇頸龍目 Plesiosauria
科：	†薄板龍科 Elasmosauridae
屬：	†伊羅曼加龍屬 Eromangasaurus; Kear, 2005
模式種
	†澳洲伊羅曼加龍; Eromangasaurus australis; (Sachs, 2005)
異名
	嵴頜伊羅曼加龍 ; Eromangasaurus carinognathus ; Kear, 2005; 澳洲遠古龍 ; Tuarangisaurus australis ; Sachs, 2005;

伊羅曼加龍（屬名：Eromangasaurus）是薄板龍科已滅絕的一個屬，來自澳大利亞昆士蘭省北部。^[1]

描述

伊羅曼加龍是種大型薄板龍科，估計長7公尺（23英尺）、重1—2公噸（1.1—2.2短噸）。^[2]其僅所知於正模標本QM（英語：Queensland Museum） F11050，為接近完整但嚴重壓碎的顱骨及下頜骨。標本收集於馬斯韋爾頓（英語：Maxwelton, Queensland）伊羅曼加盆地（英語：Eromanga Basin）的圖勒布克組（英語：Toolebuc Formation），該地層可追溯至大約1.03億年前的早白堊世阿爾布階。^[1]斯文·薩克斯提及了一些與正模標本來自相同地區的歸入材料，包括QM F12216-19——一節前段頸椎——及QM F12217&2——關節連接的後段頸椎。^[3]

發現

伊羅曼加龍由本傑明·基爾（Benjamin P. Kear）於2005年（英語：2005 in paleontology）首次命名，模式種是澳洲伊羅曼加龍（Eromangasaurus australis）。基爾原將QM F11050命名為嵴頜伊羅曼加龍（Eromangasaurus carinognathus）。^[1]然而斯文·薩克斯（Sven Sachs）已於同年早些時候根據相同標本及歸入材料命名了遠古龍第二個種澳洲遠古龍（Tuarangisaurus australis）。^[3]

此名名義上優先於嵴頜伊羅曼加龍，故後者應為前者的次異名。基爾對正模標本的後期研究指出該物種與遠古龍模式種間存在足夠多的差異以獨立建屬。故伊羅曼加龍是新組合澳洲伊羅曼加龍的唯一有效學名。^[4]此名現已被承認為QM F11050之正確名稱。^[5]^[6]

屬名取自發現正模的伊羅曼加盆地及希臘語saurus（蜥蜴），種名命名自澳大利亞。^[1]

參見

蛇頸龍列表
蛇頸龍類研究歷史（英語：Timeline of plesiosaur research）

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Benjamin P. Kear. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2005, 25 (4): 792–805. S2CID 86297695. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0792:ANEPFT]2.0.CO;2.
^ Foffa, Davide; Cuff, Andrew R.; Sassoon, Judyth; Rayfield, Emily J.; Mavrogordato, Mark N.; Benton, Michael J. Functional anatomy and feeding biomechanics of a giant Upper Jurassic pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from Weymouth Bay, Dorset, UK. Journal of Anatomy. 2014, 225: 209–219. PMC 4111928 . doi:10.1111/joa.12200.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Sven Sachs. Tuarangisaurus australis sp. nov. (Plesiosauria: Elasmosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Queensland, with additional notes on the phylogeny of the Elasmosauridae (PDF). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 2005, 50: 425–440. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-09-28）.
^ Benjamin P. Kear. Taxonomic clarification of the Australian elasmosaurid genus Eromangasaurus, with reference to other austral elasmosaur taxa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2007, 27 (1): 241–246. S2CID 86673814. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[241:TCOTAE]2.0.CO;2.
^ Peggy Vincent; Nathalie Bardet; Xabier Pereda Suberbiola; Baâdi Bouya; Mbarek Amaghzaz; Saïd Meslouh. Zarafasaura oceanis, a new elasmosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco and the palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous plesiosaurs. Gondwana Research. 2011, 19 (4): 1062–1073. Bibcode:2011GondR..19.1062V. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.10.005.
^ Hilary F. Ketchum; Roger B. J. Benson. A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile, longirostrine grade of Early-Middle Jurassic pliosaurids. Special Papers in Palaeontology. 2011, 86: 109–129.

[Eromangasaurus-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Benjamin P. Kear. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2005, 25 (4): 792–805. S2CID 86297695. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0792:ANEPFT]2.0.CO;2.

[2] Foffa, Davide; Cuff, Andrew R.; Sassoon, Judyth; Rayfield, Emily J.; Mavrogordato, Mark N.; Benton, Michael J. Functional anatomy and feeding biomechanics of a giant Upper Jurassic pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from Weymouth Bay, Dorset, UK. Journal of Anatomy. 2014, 225: 209–219. PMC 4111928 . doi:10.1111/joa.12200.

[Sachs-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Sven Sachs. Tuarangisaurus australis sp. nov. (Plesiosauria: Elasmosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Queensland, with additional notes on the phylogeny of the Elasmosauridae (PDF). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 2005, 50: 425–440. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-09-28）.

[Eromangasaurus07-4] Benjamin P. Kear. Taxonomic clarification of the Australian elasmosaurid genus Eromangasaurus, with reference to other austral elasmosaur taxa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2007, 27 (1): 241–246. S2CID 86673814. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[241:TCOTAE]2.0.CO;2.

[Zarafasaura-5] Peggy Vincent; Nathalie Bardet; Xabier Pereda Suberbiola; Baâdi Bouya; Mbarek Amaghzaz; Saïd Meslouh. Zarafasaura oceanis, a new elasmosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco and the palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous plesiosaurs. Gondwana Research. 2011, 19 (4): 1062–1073. Bibcode:2011GondR..19.1062V. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.10.005.

[Marmornectes-6] Hilary F. Ketchum; Roger B. J. Benson. A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile, longirostrine grade of Early-Middle Jurassic pliosaurids. Special Papers in Palaeontology. 2011, 86: 109–129.

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