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核糖體分流

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核糖體分流(Ribosome shunting)為真核生物細胞的核糖體轉譯一些病毒mRNA時,在掃描mRNA的過程中跳過5′非翻譯區部分二級結構複雜的序列,直接與該序列下游的序列結合的機制[1],最早於1990年代在花椰菜嵌紋病毒(CaMV)的mRNA中發現[2]。許多病毒mRNA的核糖體分流需仰賴其5′非翻譯區的上游開放閱讀框(uORF),核糖體完成uORF的轉譯後(通常僅有2-15個密碼子),60S核糖體亞基自核糖體脫離,40S核糖體亞基則跳過(take-off)mRNA下游5-10nt處一段二級結構複雜的序列,與下游的降落位點(landing site)結合,再重新開始掃描,找到下一個開放閱讀框起始密碼子後再次與60S亞基結合而開始轉譯[2][3]

已知腺病毒[4]仙台病毒[5][6]人類乳突病毒(HPV)、人泡沫病毒英語Human foamy virus[2]鴨B型肝炎病毒[2]水稻東格魯桿狀病毒英語Tungrovirus(RTBV)[7]與花椰菜嵌紋病毒[8]等多種病毒的mRNA轉譯都有核糖體分流的機制。

參考文獻

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  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Pooggin MM, Ryabova LA. Ribosome Shunting, Polycistronic Translation, and Evasion of Antiviral Defenses in Plant Pararetroviruses and Beyond.. Front Microbiol. 2018, 9: 644. PMC 5902531可免費查閱. PMID 29692761. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00644. 
  3. ^ Roger Hull. Chapter 6 - Genome Composition, Organization, and Expression. Plant Virology (Fifth Edition). Academic Press. 2014 [2021-12-05]. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-384871-0.00006-6. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-05). 
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  6. ^ Latorre, P; Kolakofsky, D; Curran, J. Sendai virus Y proteins are initiated by a ribosomal shunt. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1998, 18 (9): 5021–31. PMC 109087可免費查閱. PMID 9710586. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.9.5021. 
  7. ^ Pooggin, M. M.; Ryabova, LA; He, X; Fütterer, J; Hohn, T. Mechanism of ribosome shunting in Rice tungro bacilliform pararetrovirus. RNA. 2006, 12 (5): 841–50. PMC 1440904可免費查閱. PMID 16556934. doi:10.1261/rna.2285806. 
  8. ^ Pooggin, MM; Hohn, T; Fütterer, J. Role of a short open reading frame in ribosome shunt on the cauliflower mosaic virus RNA leader. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000, 275 (23): 17288–96. PMID 10747993. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001143200可免費查閱.