超級賬本

超級賬本（英語：Hyperledger）是一個推動區塊鏈跨行業應用的開源項目，由Linux基金會在2015年12月主導發起該項目，成員包括金融，銀行，物聯網，供應鏈，製造和科技行業的巨頭。^[1]

歷史和目的

在2015年12月，Linux基金會宣布了Hyperledger項目的啟動。創始成員於2016年2月公布，隨後在3月29日，另外10名成員以及治理理事會被公開。^[2]在5月19日，Brian Behlendorf被任命為項目的執行總監。^[3]

該項目的目標是推動區塊鏈和分散式賬簿系統的跨行業發展與協作，重視性能和可靠性（相對於類似的數位貨幣設計），以支援主要的技術、金融和供應鏈公司的全球商業交易^[4]。該項目將繼承獨立的開放協議和標準，通過框架方法和專用模組實現，包括各區塊鏈的共識機制和存儲方式，以及身份服務、訪問控制和智能合約。

Hyperledger的區塊鏈平台

Hyperledger Burrow

Burrow^[5]是一個包含了「built-to-specification」的以太坊虛擬機區塊鏈客戶端。其主要由Monax貢獻^[6]，並由Monax和英特爾贊助。^[7]

Hyperledger Fabric

Hyperledger Fabric是一個許可的區塊鏈架構。其由IBM^[8]和Digital Asset最初貢獻給Hyperledger項目。它提供一個模塊化的架構，把架構中的節點、智能合約的執行（Fabric項目中稱為"chaincode"）以及可配置的共識和成員服務。一個Fabric網絡包含同伴節點（Peer nodes）執行chaincode合約，訪問賬本數據，背書交易並稱為應用程序的接口。排序節點（Orderer nodes）負責確保此區塊鏈的一致性並傳達被背書的交易給網絡中的同伴們；以及MSP服務，主要作為證書權威（Certificate Authority）管理X.509證書用於驗證成員身份以及角色^[9]。

Hyperledger Iroha

Iroha是一個基於Hyperledger Fabric主要面向移動應用的協議，由Soramitsu貢獻。^[10]

Hyperledger Sawtooth

由英特爾貢獻的Sawtooth利用一種新型共識機制稱為時間流逝證明（Proof of Elapsed Time）一種基於可信的執行環境的彩票設計模式的共識協議由英特爾的Software Guard Extensions (SGX)提供。^[11]^[12]

參考文獻

^ Linux Foundation Unites Industry Leaders to Advance Blockchain Technology. 2015-12-17 [2018-03-21]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-17）.
^ Open Source Blockchain Effort for the Enterprise Elects Leadership Positions and Gains New Investments. 2016-03-29. （原始內容存檔於2016-04-13）.
^ Founder of the Apache Software Foundation Joins Linux Foundation to Lead Hyperledger Project. 2016-05-19. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-10）.
^ Linux Foundation’s Hyperledger Project Announces 30 Founding Members and Code Proposals To Advance Blockchain Technology. 2016-02-09 [2016-02-17]. （原始內容存檔於2016-02-25）.
^ Burrow repository on Github. [2018-03-21]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-20）.
^ Monax website. [2022-03-06]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-13）.
^ Keirns, Garrett. Monax Adds Blockchain Code to Hyperledger GitHub Repository. Coindesk. [12 April 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-11）.
^ Hyperledger Fabric Website. [2018-02-07]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-04）.
^ Androulaki. Hyperledger Fabric: A Distributed Operating System for Permissioned Blockchains. arXiv:1801.10228 . ;
^ Higgins, Stan. Hyperledger Eyes Mobile Blockchain Apps With 'Iroha' Project. Coindesk. [18 May 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-27）. Iroha was first unveiled during a meeting of the project’s Technical Steering Committee last month. Iroha is being pitched as both a supplement to other Hyperledger-tied infrastructure projects like IBM’s Fabric (on which it is based) and Intel’s Sawtooth Lake.
^ Bucci, Debbie. Blockchain and Its Emerging Role in Health IT and Health-related research. (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. [18 May 2017]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-11-21）.
^ Bollen, Benjamin. Introduce a start for Burrow EVM as Sawtooth Transaction Processor. Hyperledger. [18 May 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-27）.

外部連結

官方網站
List of Hyperledger Members （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[1] Linux Foundation Unites Industry Leaders to Advance Blockchain Technology. 2015-12-17 [2018-03-21]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-17）.

[2] Open Source Blockchain Effort for the Enterprise Elects Leadership Positions and Gains New Investments. 2016-03-29. （原始內容存檔於2016-04-13）.

[3] Founder of the Apache Software Foundation Joins Linux Foundation to Lead Hyperledger Project. 2016-05-19. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-10）.

[4] Linux Foundation’s Hyperledger Project Announces 30 Founding Members and Code Proposals To Advance Blockchain Technology. 2016-02-09 [2016-02-17]. （原始內容存檔於2016-02-25）.

[5] Burrow repository on Github. [2018-03-21]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-20）.

[6] Monax website. [2022-03-06]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-13）.

[7] Keirns, Garrett. Monax Adds Blockchain Code to Hyperledger GitHub Repository. Coindesk. [12 April 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-11）.

[ibm201701-8] Hyperledger Fabric Website. [2018-02-07]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-04）.

[arxiv1801.10228-9] Androulaki. Hyperledger Fabric: A Distributed Operating System for Permissioned Blockchains. arXiv:1801.10228 . ;

[10] Higgins, Stan. Hyperledger Eyes Mobile Blockchain Apps With 'Iroha' Project. Coindesk. [18 May 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-27）. Iroha was first unveiled during a meeting of the project’s Technical Steering Committee last month. Iroha is being pitched as both a supplement to other Hyperledger-tied infrastructure projects like IBM’s Fabric (on which it is based) and Intel’s Sawtooth Lake.

[11] Bucci, Debbie. Blockchain and Its Emerging Role in Health IT and Health-related research. (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. [18 May 2017]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-11-21）.

[12] Bollen, Benjamin. Introduce a start for Burrow EVM as Sawtooth Transaction Processor. Hyperledger. [18 May 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-27）.

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