原人參二醇

原人參二醇
	IUPAC名; (3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,12-diol
	系統名; (1R,2R,5S,7R,10R,11R,14S,15R,16R)-14-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-2,6,6,10,11-pentamethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,15]heptadecane-5,16-diol; (1R,2R,5S,7R,10R,11R,14S,15R,16R)-2,6,6,10,11-五甲基-14-[(1S)-1,5-二甲基-1-羥基-4-己烯基]四環[8.7.0.02,7.011,15]-5,16-十七烷二醇
別名	達瑪烷-24-烯-3β,12β,20-三醇
識別
縮寫	PPD
CAS號	7755-01-3
PubChem	9920281
ChemSpider	8095918
SMILES	CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O)C)C)O)C)O)C;
InChI	1/C30H52O3/c1-19(2)10-9-14-30(8,33)20-11-16-29(7)25(20)21(31)18-23-27(5)15-13-24(32)26(3,4)22(27)12-17-28(23,29)6/h10,20-25,31-33H,9,11-18H2,1-8H3/t20-,21+,22-,23+,24-,25-,27-,28+,29+,30+/m0/s1;
InChIKey	PYXFVCFISTUSOO-VUFVRDRTBZ
ChEBI	76237
性質
化學式	C30H52O3
摩爾質量	460.73 g·mol−1
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

原人參二醇（Protopanaxadiol，PPD）是一種甾體化合物，分子式C
30H
52O
3，具有達瑪烷骨架。是人參二醇型人參皂苷的骨架分子。^[1]^[2]與原人參三醇的不同之處在於，它的6號位沒有羥基。

原人參二醇對人體的影響尚不清楚。一項研究表明，它對內皮細胞有迅速的非基因性影響，與糖皮質激素受體及雌激素受體β（英語：Oestrogen receptor beta）結合。這項研究還顯示，它能使細胞內鈣離子濃度增加。^[3]

上海中藥創新研究中心（英語：Shanghai Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine）的「優欣定」產品內為高純度原人參二醇，號稱是首個單分子抗抑鬱中藥。藥物在2023年5月進入III期實驗。^[4]II期臨床實驗結果於2024年11月發佈。^[5]^[6]

上中創研的一篇論文描述了此藥的口服劑量和IIa期志願者血漿濃度的線性關係，但未給出半衰期、生物利用率等信息。^[7]在大鼠中，本品口服生物利用率約48%，半衰期為6.25小時（作為原人參二、三醇均有的混合提取物餵食）。單獨口服時，生物利用率降低到20.7–36.8%。^[8]

參考資料

^ Shibata, S.; Tanaka, O.; Sado, M.; Tsushima, S. The genuine sapogenin of ginseng. Tetrahedron Letters. 1963, 4 (12): 795–800. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90718-X.
^ Tanaka, O.; Nagai, M.; Shibata, S. Stereochemistry of protopanaxadiol, a genuine sapogenin of ginseng. Tetrahedron Letters. 1964, 5 (33–34): 2291–7. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)71705-9.
^ Leung; et al. Protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol bind to glucocorticoid and oestrogen receptors in endothelial cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. Wiley Online Library. [29 October 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
^ 文匯. 全球首个单分子抗抑郁中药进入临床Ⅲ期研究，由人参开发而来_腾讯新闻. news.qq.com. 2023-05-23 （中文（中國大陸））.
^ Youxinding. synapse.patsnap.com （英語）.
^ Dong, Z; Shen, Q; Zhu, H; Yang, Z; Lv, J; Feng, R; Bai, X; Huang, G; Hu, Y; Pan, L; Zhao, G; Jia, W; Wang, X. Efficacy and safety of YOXINTINE for depression: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 clinical trial.. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 14 November 2024, 136: 156204. PMID 39580994. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156204.
^ Ling, J; Yu, Y; Zhu, J; Li, Y; Ling, L; Wang, L; Xu, C; Duan, G. A highly sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in human plasma and its application in phase IIa clinical trial of a novel antidepressant agent.. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 15 September 2016, 1031: 214–220. PMID 27507666. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.044.
^ Kong, LT; Wang, Q; Xiao, BX; Liao, YH; He, XX; Ye, LH; Liu, XM; Chang, Q. Different pharmacokinetics of the two structurally similar dammarane sapogenins, protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol, in rats.. Fitoterapia. April 2013, 86: 48–53. PMID 23391424. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.019.

這是一篇關於醇類的小作品。您可以透過編輯或修訂擴充其內容。

[1] Shibata, S.; Tanaka, O.; Sado, M.; Tsushima, S. The genuine sapogenin of ginseng. Tetrahedron Letters. 1963, 4 (12): 795–800. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90718-X.

[2] Tanaka, O.; Nagai, M.; Shibata, S. Stereochemistry of protopanaxadiol, a genuine sapogenin of ginseng. Tetrahedron Letters. 1964, 5 (33–34): 2291–7. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)71705-9.

[LEUNG-3] Leung; et al. Protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol bind to glucocorticoid and oestrogen receptors in endothelial cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. Wiley Online Library. [29 October 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

[4] 文匯. 全球首个单分子抗抑郁中药进入临床Ⅲ期研究，由人参开发而来_腾讯新闻. news.qq.com. 2023-05-23 （中文（中國大陸））.

[5] Youxinding. synapse.patsnap.com （英語）.

[6] Dong, Z; Shen, Q; Zhu, H; Yang, Z; Lv, J; Feng, R; Bai, X; Huang, G; Hu, Y; Pan, L; Zhao, G; Jia, W; Wang, X. Efficacy and safety of YOXINTINE for depression: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 clinical trial.. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 14 November 2024, 136: 156204. PMID 39580994. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156204.

[7] Ling, J; Yu, Y; Zhu, J; Li, Y; Ling, L; Wang, L; Xu, C; Duan, G. A highly sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in human plasma and its application in phase IIa clinical trial of a novel antidepressant agent.. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 15 September 2016, 1031: 214–220. PMID 27507666. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.044.

[8] Kong, LT; Wang, Q; Xiao, BX; Liao, YH; He, XX; Ye, LH; Liu, XM; Chang, Q. Different pharmacokinetics of the two structurally similar dammarane sapogenins, protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol, in rats.. Fitoterapia. April 2013, 86: 48–53. PMID 23391424. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.019.

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