斯蒂芬·莫利紐克斯
外觀
斯蒂芬·莫利紐克斯 (1966年9月24日—)是在愛爾蘭出生的加拿大白人民族主義者[1][2][3][4][5]、播客主和陰謀論者、白人優越主義者, [6][7]科學種族主義者和男權運動者。 [14]他是Freedomain Radio網站的創始人。 截至2020年9月,斯蒂芬·莫利紐克斯因被指違反仇恨言論政策,PayPal 、 Mailchimp 、 YouTube和SoundCloud註銷了他的賬戶。 [15][16][17][18][19]
政客和華盛頓郵報認為他是另類右派的領軍人物,而紐約時報認為他是極右派人士。 [20][21][22][23] 獨立報認為莫利紐克斯是「一位對種族與智力有着執念的另類哲學家」。 [24]莫利紐克斯自稱是一位哲學家和無政府資本主義者。 [20]
背景
[編輯]莫利紐克斯生於愛爾蘭,在倫敦長大,11歲時移民加拿大。[25]
他在多倫多約克大學格蘭登學院就讀。1991年,莫利紐克斯獲得了麥吉爾大學歷史學學士學位。 1993年,他獲得多倫多大學歷史學碩士學位。 [26]
職業
[編輯]1995年初,莫利紐克斯和他的兄弟休 (Hugh) 創立了Caribou Systems Corporation,這是一家總部位於多倫多的數據庫軟件提供商。該公司於2000年被出售。 [27]
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Collins, Ben. Notre Dame Cathedral fire spurs Islamophobic conspiracy theories on social media. NBC新聞. April 16, 2019. (原始內容存檔於April 16, 2019).
- ^ Gais, Hannah. Hate Groups and Racist Pundits Spew COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media Despite Companies' Pledges to Combat It. 南方貧困法律中心. April 17, 2020 [2022-10-02]. (原始內容存檔於October 4, 2022) (英語).
white nationalist YouTuber and self-proclaimed philosopher Stefan Molyneux
- ^ YouTube bans prominent white supremacist channels. BBC News. 2020-06-30 [2020-08-28] (英國英語).
- ^ Veilleux-Lepage, Y.; Daymon, C.; Amarasingam, A. The Christchurch attack report: Key takeaways on Tarrant's radicalization and attack planning.. ICCT Perspective (The Hague: International Centre for Counter-Terrorism). 2020 [March 16, 2022]. (原始內容存檔於February 1, 2023).
- ^ YouTube removes three prominent white supremacist channels. The Independent. 30 June 2020. (原始內容存檔於May 24, 2022).
- ^ Alexander, Julia. YouTube bans Stefan Molyneux, David Duke, Richard Spencer, and more for hate speech. The Verge. 2020-06-29 [2020-08-28]. (原始內容存檔於August 28, 2020) (英語).
- ^ Pace, Brian A.; Devenot, Neşe. Right-Wing Psychedelia: Case Studies in Cultural Plasticity and Political Pluripotency. Frontiers in Psychology. 10 December 2021, 12: 733185. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 8717779 . PMID 34975622. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733185 .
- ^ Stefan Molyneux. 南方貧困法律中心. (原始內容存檔於March 24, 2019).
- ^ Beery, Zoë. How YouTube reactionaries are breaking the news media. Columbia Journalism Review. 哥倫比亞大學新聞學院. February 14, 2019. (原始內容存檔於February 15, 2019).
- ^ Lewis, Rebecca. Alternative Influence. Data & Society Research Institute. 2018-09-18: 37 [2018-09-19]. (原始內容存檔於2018-09-18) (美國英語).
In his YouTube videos, Molyneux openly promotes scientific racism, advocates for the men's rights movement, critiques initiatives devoted to gender equity, and promotes white supremacist conspiracy theories focused on 'White Genocide' and 'The Great Replacement.'
- ^ Evans, Gavin. The unwelcome revival of 'race science'. 衛報. March 2, 2018. (原始內容存檔於February 20, 2019).
- ^ Winter, Aaron. Online Hate: From the Far-Right to the 'Alt-Right' and from the Margins to the Mainstream. Lumsden, Karen; Harmer, Emily (編). Online Othering (PDF). Palgrave Studies in Cybercrime and Cybersecurity. Palgrave Macmillan. 2019: 39–63 [June 30, 2021]. ISBN 978-3030126322. LCCN 2019930706. S2CID 159264406. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12633-9_2. (原始內容存檔於January 14, 2021) (英語).
- ^ Alt-right blogger Stefan Molyneux says lipstick should be banned in workplace. 新西蘭先驅報. 2019-08-11 [2021-08-31]. (原始內容存檔於August 31, 2021) (New Zealand English).
- ^ [8][9][10][11][12][13]
- ^ Gurley, Lauren Kaori. PayPal Bans YouTuber Who Thinks Non-White People Are a Separate Species. Vice. November 6, 2019 [November 7, 2019]. (原始內容存檔於August 5, 2020) (英語).
- ^ Crowley, James. PayPal to cut off donations to right-wing YouTuber Stefan Molyneux following social media divestment campaign. Newsweek. November 5, 2019 [November 8, 2019]. (原始內容存檔於January 3, 2021).
- ^ Alexander, Julia. YouTube bans Stefan Molyneux, David Duke, Richard Spencer, and more for hate speech. The Verge. June 29, 2020 [June 30, 2020]. (原始內容存檔於August 28, 2020).
- ^ Twitter Suspends White Nationalist Stefan Molyneux. ScreenRant. 2020-07-08 [2020-07-10]. (原始內容存檔於July 10, 2020) (美國英語).
- ^ 20.0 20.1 Roose, Kevin. The Making of a YouTube Radical. 紐約時報. 2019-06-08 [2019-06-08]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始內容存檔於2019-06-09) (美國英語).
- ^ Schreckinger, Ben. Trump's Troll Army Isn't Ready for War in Syria. 政客 (媒體). April 7, 2017 [August 10, 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2017-08-10).
- ^ McCullough, J. J. Canada's obsession with American politics is nothing to apologize for. 華盛頓郵報. March 10, 2017 [August 10, 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2017-08-16).
- ^ McDermott, Nathan; Kaczynski, Andrew; Massie, Chris. Rep. Steve King appeared on podcast frequented by white nationalists. 有線電視新聞網. November 30, 2018 [2018-12-02]. (原始內容存檔於2018-12-02).
- ^ Clements, Tom. I fell down the rabbit hole of alt-right propaganda and this is what I learned. 獨立報 (英國). 4 September 2019. (原始內容存檔於24 September 2019).
- ^ Author Stefan Molyneux To Russia, with love. The Mississauga News (Mississauga, Ontario). June 1, 2003: Arts & Entertainment: 15 [June 18, 2014]. ISSN 0834-6585. OCLC 290997481. (原始內容存檔於2018-06-13) –透過NewsBank (Access World News).
Molyneux is an Irish-born author who grew up in England and Africa before coming to Canada 25 years ago.
- ^ Burg, Robert. Their software keeps tabs on site data. Toronto Star, The (Ontario, Canada). May 26, 1997: Business: D1 [June 18, 2014]. (原始內容存檔於2018-09-28) –透過NewsBank (Access World News).
- ^ Blue292 acquires Caribou Systems (新聞稿). Durham, NC: Blue292. January 28, 2002 [June 6, 2014]. (原始內容存檔於August 2, 2003).