結節乳頭核

結節乳頭核
結節乳頭核
	老鼠的結節乳頭核
基本資訊
屬於	下丘腦
標識字符
拉丁文	Nucleus tuberomamillaris
縮寫	TMN
NeuroNames（英語：NeuroNames）	427
NeuroLex（英語：NeuroLex） ID	birnlex_1271
TA98	A14.1.08.932
TA2	5734
FMA	FMA:62335
	《神經解剖學術語（英語：Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy）》 [在維基數據上編輯]

結節乳頭核（ TMN ）是位於下丘腦後三分之一處的組胺能核。 ^[1]它是灰塊莖的一部分。 ^[2]它主要由組胺能神經元（即組胺釋放神經元）組成。它涉及對覺醒、學習、記憶、睡眠和能量平衡的控制。 ^[1]

傳出

結節乳頭核是人腦中組胺途徑的唯一來源。來自結節乳頭核的最密集的軸突投射被發送到大腦皮層、海馬、新紋狀體、伏隔核、杏仁核和下丘腦的其他部分。 ^[1]對大腦皮層的投射直接增加皮層的激活和喚醒，而對基底前腦和背側腦橋的乙酰膽鹼能神經元的投射則通過增加大腦皮層中乙酰膽鹼的釋放來間接增加皮層的激活和喚醒。^{[需要可靠醫學來源]}

參考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE. Chapter 6: Widely Projecting Systems: Monoamines, Acetylcholine, and Orexin 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 175–176. ISBN 9780071481274. Within the brain, histamine is synthesized exclusively by neurons with their cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) that lies within the posterior hypothalamus. There are approximately 64000 histaminergic neurons per side in humans. These cells project throughout the brain and spinal cord. Areas that receive especially dense projections include the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, neostriatum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hypothalamus. ... While the best characterized function of the histamine system in the brain is regulation of sleep and arousal, histamine is also involved in learning and memory ... It also appears that histamine is involved in the regulation of feeding and energy balance. Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 6: Widely Projecting Systems: Monoamines, Acetylcholine, and Orexin". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 175–176. ISBN 9780071481274. Within the brain, histamine is synthesized exclusively by neurons with their cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) that lies within the posterior hypothalamus. There are approximately 64000 histaminergic neurons per side in humans. These cells project throughout the brain and spinal cord. Areas that receive especially dense projections include the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, neostriatum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hypothalamus. ... While the best characterized function of the histamine system in the brain is regulation of sleep and arousal, histamine is also involved in learning and memory ... It also appears that histamine is involved in the regulation of feeding and energy balance.
^ Braak, Heiko; Braak, Eva, Chapter 1 Anatomy of the human hypothalamus (chiasmatic and tuberal region), Progress in Brain Research 93, Elsevier: 3–16, 1992 [2023-08-14], ISBN 978-0-444-89538-7, PMID 1480754, doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64559-8, （原始內容存檔於2023-08-14）（英語）

[Histamine_pathways-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE. Chapter 6: Widely Projecting Systems: Monoamines, Acetylcholine, and Orexin 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 175–176. ISBN 9780071481274. Within the brain, histamine is synthesized exclusively by neurons with their cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) that lies within the posterior hypothalamus. There are approximately 64000 histaminergic neurons per side in humans. These cells project throughout the brain and spinal cord. Areas that receive especially dense projections include the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, neostriatum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hypothalamus. ... While the best characterized function of the histamine system in the brain is regulation of sleep and arousal, histamine is also involved in learning and memory ... It also appears that histamine is involved in the regulation of feeding and energy balance. Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 6: Widely Projecting Systems: Monoamines, Acetylcholine, and Orexin". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 175–176. ISBN 9780071481274. Within the brain, histamine is synthesized exclusively by neurons with their cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) that lies within the posterior hypothalamus. There are approximately 64000 histaminergic neurons per side in humans. These cells project throughout the brain and spinal cord. Areas that receive especially dense projections include the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, neostriatum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hypothalamus. ... While the best characterized function of the histamine system in the brain is regulation of sleep and arousal, histamine is also involved in learning and memory ... It also appears that histamine is involved in the regulation of feeding and energy balance.

[2] Braak, Heiko; Braak, Eva, Chapter 1 Anatomy of the human hypothalamus (chiasmatic and tuberal region), Progress in Brain Research 93, Elsevier: 3–16, 1992 [2023-08-14], ISBN 978-0-444-89538-7, PMID 1480754, doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64559-8, （原始內容存檔於2023-08-14）（英語）

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