舞虻
舞虻科 化石時期：白堊紀至現在
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| 雄性Empis livida | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 雙翅目 Diptera |
| 總科： | 舞虻總科 Empidoidea |
| 科： | 舞虻科 Empididae |
| 亞科 | |
舞虻，又名舞蠅，是舞虻科（Empididae）的昆蟲，已發現超過3000種，大部份分佈在全北區。牠們主要是掠食性的，有多種不同的形態，一般都是細小至中等身型的，非金屬色及有剛毛的。
一些舞虻，如歐洲的Hilara maura，雄虻會將獵物用絲包裹，用來向雌虻求愛。大部份舞虻幼蟲都是掠食性的，並棲息在不同的環境，包括水中或陸上。
演化及分類
[編輯]在琥珀礦床中發掘出很多舞虻，並且肯定牠們早至白堊紀就已經存在。
有兩類原先是分類在舞虻科下的亞科，但現已分類在舞虻總科下為另外兩個科，包括Atelestidae及駝舞虻科。Brachystomatidae有時亦會被看為獨立的科，但似乎是錯誤的分類。Microphorinae以往一直分類在舞虻科中，曾一度重新分類為獨立的科，現已改為長足虻科下的亞科。[1][2]
現時分類在舞虻科下的亞科，並非所有已確定為單系群。有學者認為舞虻科與長足虻科是舞虻總科下最大及最先進的分支。Brachystomatinae、舞虻亞科及螳舞虻亞科似乎是最近親，而Clinocerinae似乎是最大的亞科。[2]
本科包括以下屬：
- Acallomyia Melander, 1927
- Acanthoclinocera Saigusa, 1965
- Acanthopeza Becker, 1914
- Acarteus
- Achelipoda Yang, Zhang & Zhang, 2007
- Aclinocera Yang & Yang, 1995
- Aclonempis Collin, 1926
- Adipsomyia Yang, Zhang & Zhang, 2007
- Afroclinocera Sinclair, 1999
- Afrodromia Smith, 1969
- Afroempis Smith, 1969
- Allochrotus Collin, 1933
- Amictoides Bezzi, 1910
- Amydroneura Collin, 1926
- Anaclastoctedon Plant, 2010
- Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909
- Antipodromia Plant, 2011
- Aplomera Macquart, 1839
- Archiplatypalpus Kovalev, 1974
- Argyrandrus Bezzi, 1909
- Asioclinocera
- Asymphyloptera Collin, 1933
- Atalanta Cordey & Carter, 1996
- Atrichopleura Bezzi, 1910
- Axelempis Curran, 1931
- Bandella Bickel, 2002
- Bergenstammia Mik, 1881
- Bolrhamphomyia Rafael, 2010
- Brochella Melander, 1928
- Burmitempis Cockerell, 1917
- Calohilara Frey, 1952
- Camelopsis Engel, 1918
- Chamaedipsia Mik, 1881
- Chelifera Macquart, 1823
- Chelipoda Macquart, 1823
- Chelipodozus Collin, 1933
- Chilerhamphomyia Rafael, 2010
- Choreodromia Frey, 1922
- Cladodromia Bezzi, 1905
- Clinocera Meigen, 1803
- Clinocerella Engel, 1918
- Clinorhampha Collin, 1933
- Colabris Melander, 1928
- Collinaria Frey, 1950
- Coptophlebia Bezzi, 1909
- Cretoplatypalpus Kovalev, 1978
- Ctenodrapetis Bezzi, 1904
- Cunomyia Bickel, 1998
- Cyrtoma
- Dasyrhamphomyia Frey, 1922
- Deuteragonista Philippi, 1865
- Disneyempis Smith, 1976
- Dolichocephala Macquart, 1823
- Doliodromia Collin, 1928
- Drapetiella Meunier, 1908
- Drymodromia Becker, 1914
- Dryodromia Rondani, 1856
- Dryodromya Rondani, 1856
- Dusmetina Collado, 1930
- Edenophorus Smith, 1969
- Electrocyrtoma Cockerell, 1917
- Empidadelpha Collin, 1928
- Empidadelpha pokekeao Kerr & Tweed, 2021[3]
- Empidadelpha propria Collin, 1928
- Empidadelpha sobrina Collin, 1933
- Empidadelpha torrentalis (Miller, 1923)
- Empidia Weyenbergh, 1869
- Empimorpha Coquillett, 1895
- Empis Linnaeus, 1758
- Emplita Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999
- Epiceia Walker, 1860
- Eucelidia Mik, 1881
- Euempis Frey, 1953
- Eugowra Bickel, 2006
- Euthyneuriella Meunier, 1908
- Fraudator Hutton, 1901
- Fur Jones, 1940
- Gynatoma Collin, 1928
- Hasmona Giebel, 1856
- Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822
- Hesperempis Melander, 1906
- Hilara Meigen, 1822
- Hilarempis Bezzi, 1905
- Hilarigona Collin, 1933
- Hilarites Heer, 1856
- Hilaropus White, 1917
- Holoclera Schiner, 1860
- Homalocnemimus Mostovski, 1999
- Hybomyia Plant, 1995
- Hypenella Collin, 1941
- Hystrichonotus Collin, 1933
- Icasma Collin, 1928
- Illiesiella Wagner, 1985
- Kowarzia Mik, 1881
- Kritempis Collin, 1926
- Lamposoma Becker, 1889
- Lamprempis Wheeler & Melander, 1901
- Leptempis Collin, 1926
- Leptometopiella Melander, 1928
- Leptosceles Haliday, 1833
- Lissempis Bezzi, 1909
- Lochmocola Hong, 1981
- Macrostomus Wiedemann, 1817
- Megacyttarus Bigot, 1880
- Meghyperiella Meunier, 1908
- Melanderalus
- Metachela Coquillett, 1903
- Monodromia Collin, 1928
- Munburra Bickel, 2006
- Neocota Coquillett, 1895
- Neoplasta Coquillett, 1895
- Neoza
- Obstinocephala Jones, 1940
- Ochtherohilara Frey, 1952
- Opeatocerata Melander, 1928
- Oreothalia Melander, 1902
- Oustaletimyia Meunier, 1894
- Pachymeria Stephens, 1829
- Palaeoedalea Meunier, 1902
- Palaeoleptopeza Meunier, 1908
- Palaeoparamesia Meunier, 1902
- Paramesia Macquart, 1835
- Pararhamphomyia Frey, 1922
- Parathalassiella Meunier, 1908
- Pasitrichotus Collin, 1933
- Phaeobalia Mik, 1881
- Philetus Melander, 1928
- Philolura
- Philolutra Mik, 1882
- Phleboctena Bezzi, 1909
- Phoneutisca Loew, 1863
- Phyllodromia Zetterstedt, 1837
- Planempis Frey, 1953
- Platyhilara Frey, 1952
- Platyptera Meigen, 1803
- Polyblepharis Bezzi, 1909
- Porphyrochroa Melander, 1928
- Proagomyia Collin, 1933
- Proclinopyga Melander, 1928
- Progloma James, 1937
- Protoedalea Cockerell, 1920
- Protoreogeton Mostovski, 1999
- Pseudoheleodromia Wagner, 2001
- Pseudoragas Frey, 1952
- Pseudowiedemannia Engel, 1918
- Pterempis Bezzi, 1909
- Ptilophyllodromia Bezzi, 1904
- Rhadinempis Collin, 1926
- Rhamphella Malloch, 1930
- Rhamphomyia Meigen, 1822
- Rhyacodromia Saigusa, 1986
- Roederella Engel, 1918
- Roederia Mik, 1881
- Roederiodes Coquillett, 1901
- Rubistella Jones, 1940
- Sabinios Jones, 1940
- Sciodromia Westwood, 1840
- Sinohilara Zhou, Li & Yang, 2010
- Sororsenexa Plant, 2011
- Sphicosa Philippi, 1865
- Steleocheta Becker, 1887
- Stelochaeta
- Stuckenbergia Smith, 1969
- Styrex Scopoli, 1763
- Synechus
- Tachydroma
- Thalassempis Saigusa, 1994
- Thanategia Melander, 1927
- Thinempis Bickel, 1996
- Thirza Giebel, 1856
- Toreus Melander, 1906
- Trichoclinocera Collin, 1941
- Trichohilara Collin, 1933
- Turonempis Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999
- Wiedemania
- Wiedemannia Zetterstedt, 1838
- Xanthempis Bezzi, 1909
參考
[編輯]- ^ Sinclair, B.J. & Cumming, J.M. The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera) (PDF). Zootaxa. 2006, 1180: 1–172 [2009-01-31]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-03）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Moulton, J.K. & Wiegmann, B.M. The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2007, 43 (3): 701–713. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.029.
- ^ D. Steven Kerr and James M. H. Tweed. 2021. Empidadelpha pokekeao (Diptera: Empididae): A New Species from New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist. DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2021.1951933
