薊屬
此條目的主題是植物中的薊花。關於薊的其它含義，請見「薊」。
薊屬
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| 翼薊 Cirsium vulgare | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
| 演化支： | 菊類植物 Asterids |
| 目： | 菊目 Asterales |
| 科： | 菊科 Asteraceae |
| 亞科： | 管狀花亞科 Carduoideae |
| 族： | 菜薊族 Cynareae |
| 亞族： | 飛廉亞族 Carduinae |
| 屬： | 薊屬 Cirsium Mill., 1754 |
| 種 | |
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約200種[1]，參見本文。 | |
薊屬（學名：Cirsium），屬於菊科，是多年生植物，至少150種，分佈於北溫帶。其中較多見的為大薊，是蘇格蘭國花。學名Cirsium來源於希臘語「kirsos」。
薊屬被某些鱗翅目物種的幼蟲用作食用植物-參見以薊屬為食的鱗翅目的列表。 種子對美國金翅雀等小雀科很有吸引力。
大多數物種通常根據農業利益被視為雜草。 翼薊（又名歐洲薊）在美國的9個州被列為有害野草[2] 。 為了美觀和/或支持授粉者，例如蝴蝶，特別是在花園和野花種植中種植了某些物種。
醫學用途
[編輯]- 止血
- 消腫
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下屬物種
[編輯]本屬包括以下物種：[3]
- Cirsium acarna - Soldier Thistle
- Cirsium acaule - Stemless Thistle, Dwarf Thistle
- Cirsium altissimum - Roadside Thistle, Tall Thistle
- Cirsium amblylepis - Mt. Tamalpais Thistle
- Cirsium andersonii - Anderson's Thistle, Rose Thistle
- Cirsium andrewsii - Franciscan Thistle
- Cirsium araneans - Jeweled Thistle
- Cirsium arcuum - Powderpuff Thistle
- Cirsium aridum - Desert Thistle
- Cirsium arizonicum - Arizona Thistle
- Cirsium arvense - Creeping Thistle, Field Thistle, Canada Thistle
- Cirsium arvense var. argenteum
- Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium
- Cirsium arvense var. mite
- Cirsium arvense var. vestitum
- Cirsium barnebyi - Barneby's Thistle
- Cirsium brachycephalum
- Cirsium brevifolium - Palouse Thistle
- Cirsium brevistylum - Clustered Thistle
- Cirsium calcareum - Cainville Thistle
- Cirsium californicum - California Thistle
- Cirsium callilepis - Fringebract Thistle
- Cirsium campylon - Mount Hamilton Thistle
- Cirsium canescens - Platte Thistle, Prairie Thistle
- Cirsium canovirens - Graygreen Thistle
- Cirsium canum - Queen Anne's Thistle
- Cirsium carolinianum - Carolina Thistle, Soft Thistle
- Cirsium caulescens
- Cirsium centaureae
- Cirsium chellyense - Queen Thistle
- Cirsium chuskaense - Monarch Thistle
- Cirsium ciliolatum - Ashland Thistle
- Cirsium clavatum - Lake Thistle
- Cirsium clokeyi - Charleston Mountain Thistle, Whitespine Thistle
- Cirsium congdonii - Rosette Thistle
- Cirsium costaricense
- Cirsium coulteri - Coulter’s Thistle
- Cirsium crassicaule - Slough Thistle
- Cirsium cymosum - Peregrine Thistle
- Cirsium diacanthum
- Cirsium discolor - Field Thistle, Pasture Thistle
- Cirsium dissectum - Meadow Thistle
- Cirsium douglasii
- Cirsium drummondii - Dwarf Thistle
- Cirsium durangense
- Cirsium eatonii - Eaton's Thistle
- Cirsium edule - Edible Thistle
- Cirsium engelmannii - Engelmann Thistle, Engelmann's Thistle
- Cirsium eriophorum - Woolly Thistle
- Cirsium erisithales - Yellow Melancholy Thistle
- Cirsium esculentum
- Cirsium flodmanii - Flodman Thistle, Flodman's Thistle
- Cirsium foliosum - Drummond's Thistle, Elk Thistle, Leafy Thistle, Meadow Thistle
- Cirsium fontinale - Fountain Thistle
- Cirsium gilense - Gila Thistle
- Cirsium grahamii - Graham's Thistle
- Cirsium griseum - Gray Thistle
- Cirsium hallii - Hall's Thistle
- Cirsium helenioides - Melancholy Thistle, Common Melancholy Thistle
- Cirsium heterophyllum - Melancholy Thistle
- Cirsium hillii - Hill's Thistle
- Cirsium hookerianum - White Thistle
- Cirsium horridulum - Yellow Thistle
- Cirsium humboldtense - Humboldt County Thistle
- Cirsium hydrophilum - Suisun Thistle
- Cirsium hypoleucum
- Cirsium inornatum - Cloudcroft Thistle
- 南國小薊 Cirsium japonicum
- Cirsium kamtschaticum - Kamchatka Thistle
- 玉山薊 Cirsium kawakamii - Yushan Thistle
- Cirsium lanatum - Hairy Thistle
- Cirsium laterifolium - Porcupine Thistle
- Cirsium lecontei - Le Conte's Thistle
- Cirsium leo
- Cirsium libanoticum
- Cirsium loncholepis - LaGraciosa Thistle
- Cirsium longistylum - Longstyle Thistle
- Cirsium maritimum
- Cirsium mendocinum - Mendocino Thistle
- Cirsium mexicanum - Mexican Thistle
- Cirsium modestum - Lacy Thistle
- Cirsium mohavense - Mojave Thistle
- Cirsium murdockii - Murdock's Thistle
- Cirsium muticum - Swamp Thistle
- Cirsium navajoense - Navajo Thistle
- Cirsium neomexicanum - Lavender Thistle, New Mexico Thistle
- Cirsium nipponicum
- Cirsium nuttallii - Nuttall's Thistle
- Cirsium occidentale -Cobweb Thistle
- Cirsium ochrocentrum - Yellowspine Thistle
- Cirsium oleraceum - Cabbage thistle
- Cirsium olivescens - Summer Thistle
- Cirsium oreophilum - Crow Thistle
- Cirsium osterhoutii - Osterhout's Thistle
- Cirsium ownbeyi - Ownbey's Thistle
- Cirsium pallidum - Pale Thistle
- 沼生垂頭薊 Cirsium paludigenum Y. F. Lu, Z. H. Chen et X. F. Jin[4]
- Cirsium palustre - Marsh thistle, European Swamp Thistle
- Cirsium parryi - Parry's Thistle
- Cirsium pastoris - Snowy Thistle
- Cirsium peckii - Steen Mountain Thistle
- Cirsium pendulum
- Cirsium perplexans - Rocky Mountain Thistle
- Cirsium pitcheri - Pitcher's Thistle, Sand Dune Thistle
- Cirsium praeteriens - Palo Alto Thistle, Lost Thistle
- Cirsium proteanum - Red Thistle
- Cirsium pulcherrimum - Wyoming Thistle
- Cirsium pumilum - Pasture Thistle
- Cirsium pyrenaicum
- Cirsium quercetorum - Alameda County Thistle
- Cirsium remotifolium - Fewleaf Thistle
- Cirsium remotifolium var. remotifolium - Fewleaf Thistle
- Cirsium repandum - Sandhill Thistle
- Cirsium rhaphilepis
- Cirsium rhothophilum - Surf Thistle
- Cirsium rivulare
- Cirsium rothrockii - Rothrock's Thistle
- Cirsium rusbyi - Rusby's Thistle
- Cirsium rydbergii - Rydberg's Thistle
- Cirsium scabrum - Rough Thistle
- Cirsium scapanolepis - Mountain Slope Thistle
- Cirsium scariosum - Meadow Thistle
- Cirsium scopulorum - Mountain Thistle
- Cirsium segetum
- Cirsium serrulatum
- Cirsium spinosissimum
- Cirsium subniveum - Gray Thistle, Jackson Hole Thistle
- 臺灣薊 Cirsium taiwanense Y.H.Tseng & Chih Y.Chang[5]
- Cirsium tanakae
- Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang [6]
- Cirsium texanum Buckley, 1862 - Texas Thistle
- Cirsium tioganum (Congdon) Petr., 1917 - Stemless Thistle
- Cirsium tuberosum (L.) All., 1785 - Tuberous Thistle. 類似於Cirsium dissectum (Meadow Thistle).
- Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum Ackerf.[7]
- Cirsium turneri - Cliff Thistle
- Cirsium undulatum - Gray Thistle, Wavy-leaf Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
- Cirsium undulatum var. tracyi - Tracy's Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
- Cirsium undulatum var. undulatum - Wavyleaf Thistle
- Cirsium validus - Graceful Thistle
- Cirsium vernale - Spring Thistle
- Cirsium vinaceum - Sacramento Mountain Thistle, Sacramento Mountains Thistle
- Cirsium virginense - Virgin Thistle
- Cirsium virginianum - Virginia Thistle
- 翼薊 Cirsium vulgare - Bull Thistle, Spear Thistle, Common Thistle, Fuller's Thistle (異名：C. lanceolatum )
- Cirsium wheeleri - Wheeler's Thistle
- Cirsium wrightii - Wright's Thistle
- Cirsium yezoense (Maxim.) Makino
- 浙江垂頭薊 Cirsium zhejiangense Z. H．Chen et X. Jin[4]
- 雜交種：
- Cirsium × canalense - Canal Thistle
- Cirsium × crassum - Thistle
- Cirsium × erosum - Glory Thistle
- Cirsium × iowense - Iowa Thistle
- Cirsium × vancouverense - Vancouver Thistle
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Cirsium. Flora of North America. [2010-01-20]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-07） （英語）.
- ^ PLANTS Profile for Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) USDA PLANTS. USDA Plant Database. USDA. [2008-07-15]. （原始內容存檔於2013-07-02）.
- ^ Cirsium Mill.. GBIF. [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-30）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 浙江蓟属( 菊科)二新种：浙江垂头蓟和沼生垂头蓟. NSII. [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-14）.
- ^ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng and Yen-Hsueh Tseng. 2021. Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), A New Species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys. 183: 35-53. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
- ^ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng andYen-Hsueh Tseng. 2019. Cirsium tatakaense (Compositae), A New Species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys. 117: 119-132. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.117.29380
- ^ Jennifer R. Ackerfield. 2023. Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum, A New Species of Thistle endemic to the La Sal Mountains of Utah. Systematic Botany. 48(2); 354-362. DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16847773873170
延伸閱讀
[編輯][在維基數據編輯]
外部連結
[編輯]
- （英文）Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. 2007. ISBN 0-89672-614-2