隱頭蟲
隱頭蟲屬 化石時期：
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|---|---|
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| Calymene celebra | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| （未分級）： | †類肢類 Artiopoda |
| 綱： | †三葉蟲綱 Trilobita |
| 目： | †鏡眼蟲目 Phacopida |
| 科： | †隱頭蟲科 Calymenidae |
| 屬： | †隱頭蟲屬 Calymene Münster, 1840 |
| 模式種 | |
| 布氏隱頭蟲 Calymene blumenbachii （Brongniart in Desmarest, 1817）
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| 種 | |
隱頭蟲（學名：Calymene）為一屬早期的三葉蟲，生存於早奧陶紀特里馬道克階至早泥盆紀布拉格階，生活在開闊大陸棚的海裏和礁石上。這類三葉蟲的體長約2公分至70公分[1]，具有凸起的外骨骼。略小的眼睛長在帶深溝的頭鞍附近。肋葉末梢垂直向下折，尾甲比頭部略小。牠們是懶散的游水動物，可能在海床上爬行。19世紀的礦工們稱牠們為「達德利蝗蟲」。[2]。
物種及分佈
[編輯]- Calymene breviceps Raymond, 1916
- Calymene blumenbachii Brongniart in Desmarest, 1817
- Calymene brevicapitata Portlock, 1843
- Calymene cambrensis Salter, 1865
- Calymene celebra Raymond, 1916
- Calymene changyangensis Chang, 1974
- Calymene clavicula Campbell, 1967
- Calymene daviesii Salter, 1866
- Calymene duplicata Murchison, 1839
- Calymene hopkinsoni Hicks, 1875
- Calymene neointermedia R. & E. Richter, 1954
- Calymene niagarensis Hall, 1843
- Calymene parvifrons Salter, 1855
- Calymene senaria Conrad, 1841
- Calymene tristani Brongniart in Desmarest, 1817
- Calymene tuberculata Brünnich
- Calymene vogdesi Foerste, 1887
- Calymene sp.
- 發現於摩洛哥。
重新分配的物種
[編輯]以下的物種現時已被置入其他屬。[7]
- Calymene aculeata = Parasolenopleura aculeata
- Calymene aequalis = Archegonus aequalis
- Calymene anchiops = Anchiopella anchiops
- Calymene arachnoides = Asteropyge arachnoides
- Calymene arago = Colpocoryphe arago
- Calymene articulata = Crotalocephalus articulatus
- Calymene baylei = Metacalymene baylei
- Calymene bellatula = Cybele bellatula
- Calymene bufo rana = Phacops rana
- Calymene calicephala = Orimops calicephala
- Calymene canaliculata = Solenopleura canaliculata[8]
- Calymene caractaci = Flexicalymene caractaci
- Calymene clavifrons = Cyrtometopus clavifrons
- Calymene concinna = Proetus concinnus
- Calymene diademata = Diacalymene diademata
- Calymene downingiae = Acaste downingiae
- Calymene frontiloba = Pliomera fischeri
- Calymene granulata = Phacops granulatus
- Calymene holometopa = Solenopleura holometopa[8]
- Calymene marginata = Perliproetus marginata
- Calymene odini = Chasmops odini
- Calymene ornata = Ceraurinella ornata[9]
- Calymene papillata = Papillicalymene papillata
- Calymene platycephala = Platycoryphe platycephala
- Calymene polytoma = Pliomera fischeri
- Calymene sclerops = Pterygometopus sclerops
- Calymene sinensis = Blackwelderia sinensis
- Calymene speciosa = Parapilekia speciosa
- Calymene stenometopa = Acrocephalites stenometopus
- Calymene stokesii = Phacopidae, generic assignment uncertain[10]
- Calymene tingi = Calymenesun tingi
- Calymene tournemini = Placoparia tournemini
- Calymene tristani = Synhomalonotus tristani
- Calymene unicornis = Reedocalymene unicornis
- Calymene variolaris = Balisoma variolaris
- Calymene verrucosa = Atractopyge verrucosa
- Calymene volborthi = Ptychometopus volborthi
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ (英文)隱頭蟲的重建圖與介紹 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Nobu Tamura，09/30/2012
- ^ Walker, Cyril; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 61. ISBN 0789489848.
- ^ Derek J. Siveter. The type species of Calymene (Trilobita) from the Silurian of Dudley, England (PDF). Palaeontology. 1985, 28 (4): 783–792.[失效連結]
- ^ Calymene celebra Raymond 1916 (trilobite). Paleobiology Database. [20 August 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-23）.
- ^ Alex J. Chestnut. Using morphometrics, phylogenetic systematics and parsimony analysis to gain insight into the evolutionary affinities of the Calymenidae Trilobita. OhioLINK ETD Center. [August 21, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2012-03-31）.
- ^ 長陽隱頭蟲[永久失效連結] 中國數字地質博物館：藏品數據庫
- ^ Moore, R.C. Arthropoda I - Arthropoda General Features, Proarthropoda, Euarthropoda General Features, Trilobitomorpha. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. 1959: 1–560. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Esteve, Jorge. Systematic revision of the genus Solenopleura Angelin, 1854, Ptychopariida, Trilobita, Cambrian Series 3. Annales de Paléontologie. 2015, 101: 185–192 [2017-12-02]. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.05.001. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）.
- ^ Pärnaste, Helje. Revision of the Ordovician cheirurid trilobite genus Reraspis with the description of the earliest representative (PDF). Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Geol. 2004, 53 (2): 125–138 [2017-12-02]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2007-06-09）.
- ^ Ramskjöld, L.; Werdelin, L. The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites. Cladistics. 1991, 7: 29–74. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00021.x.
