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1934年西岸碼頭工人罷工

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1934年西岸碼頭工人罷工
1934 年三藩市大罷工期間,一名揮舞警棍的警察與一名罷工者之間的對峙
日期May 9 – July 31, 1934 (84 days)[1]
地點
方法罷工, 抗議, 示威
衝突方
領導人物
Harry Bridges;
Paddy Morris;
Jack Bjorklund;
Joseph P. Ryan
逮捕, etc
死亡: 9,
受傷:>1000,
逮捕: >500.[2]
死亡:
受傷:

1934年西岸碼頭工人罷工(英語:1934 West Coast waterfront strike)持續了83天,於1934年5月9日開始,至同年的7月31日結束。[1]當時美國西海岸每個港口裝卸工都罷工了。由國際碼頭和倉庫聯盟英語International Longshore and Warehouse Union(ILWU)組織的這場罷工達到頂峰,導致「血腥星期四」那一天有兩名工人死亡,三藩市總罷工導致美國西海岸的主要港口城市之所有工作停止四天,勞資雙方最終達成和解。[3]

罷工的結果是美國西海岸所有港口都成立了工會。1934年的三藩市總罷工,以及美國共產主義聯盟英語Communist League of America領導的1934年明尼阿波利斯卡車司機罷工英語Minneapolis general strike of 1934,都是20世紀30年代工業工會主義英語Industrial unionism興起的催化劑。其中大部分是通過產業工會聯合會組織的。[1]

參考文獻

[編輯]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Preis, Art. Labor's giant step: twenty years of the CIO. Pathfinder Press. 1974: 31–33. ISBN 9780873480246 (英語). 
  2. ^ Kimeldorf, Howard. Reds or Rackets?: The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront. University of California Press. 1988: 101 [2024-02-26]. ISBN 9780520912779. (原始內容存檔於2023-06-03) (英語). 
  3. ^ David F. Selvin, A terrible anger: The 1934 waterfront and general strikes in San Francisco (Wayne State University Press, 1996).

進一步閱讀

[編輯]
  • Workers on the Waterfront, Seamen, Longshoremen and Unionism in the 1930s, by Bruce Nelson, ISBN 0252061446
  • Cherny, Robert W. "The making of a labor radical: Harry Bridges, 1901–1934." Pacific Historical Review 64.3 (1995): 363–388 online頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館).
  • A Terrible Anger: The 1934 Waterfront and General Strikes in San Francisco, by David F. Selvin. Wayne State University Press (1996). ISBN 0814326102.
  • Dock Strike: History of the 1934 Waterfront Strike in Portland, Oregon, by Roger Buchanan
  • Reds or Rackets, The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront, by Howard Kimeldorf, ISBN 0520078861
  • The Big Strike, by Mike Quin, ISBN 0717805042
  • Harry Bridges, The Rise and Fall of Radical Labor in the U.S., by Charles Larrowe, ISBN 0882080016
  • Agitate, Educate, Organize: Portland, 1934, by William Bigelow & Norman Diamond, Oregon Historical Quarterly, Spring 1988
  • 1934: The Great Strike頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), a multimedia section of the Waterfront Workers History Project, including film and photographs of the strike, a day-by-day account of the strike and digitized copies of newspaper articles and worker newsletters.