用戶:CE.BB.CAT/ISOFIX
ISOFIX 是私家車兒童安全座椅接口的國際標準。該標準還有若干區域性命名：在美國，它被稱為 LATCH ("Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children") ，而在加拿大，它被稱為 LUAS ("Lower Universal Anchorage System") 或 Canfix。[1] 這個標準也被叫做"Universal Child Safety Seat System" 或稍短一點的 UCSSS.
，它規定了第1組兒童安全座椅的錨固系統。它定義了製造成汽車的標準連接點，使得符合要求的兒童安全座椅能夠快速安全地固定。 ISOFIX是用安全帶固定座椅的替代方案。座椅在頂部（頂部繫繩）處具有單個附件並且在座椅的每側的底部處具有兩個附件。從2002年9月開始，美國新車需要該系統的全套錨點。
ISOFIX 代表國際標準化組織的 ISO 13216標準, 它規定了兒童安全座椅的錨固系統。它規定了商品車出廠時須具備的標註接口一邊兒童安全座椅便捷地安裝。ISOFIX 是用安全帶固定座椅之外的另一選擇。對於汽車的每側座椅，他們頂部都有一個接口（供系帶連接，防翻覆），底部也有兩個卡隼。美國自2002年9月起要求所有新車都符合該標準。
In the EU the system is known as ISOFIX and covers both Group 0/0+ and Group 1 child safety seats. The mechanism for attaching the seat to the Lower Anchors is quite different from that in the United States. In the EU two "alligator-like" clips connect the seat to the Lower Anchors rather than the open clip style connectors commonly used in the United States.[2] However, some child seat manufacturers are beginning to offer true ISOFIX type attachments in the U.S. In the European standard, there are also various installation categories: "universal", "vehicle-specific" and "semi-universal". The main difference is that "Universal" represents use of a top tether strap with the ISOFIX anchorage, "vehicle-specific" represents the usage of the ISOFIX anchorage without the top tether in specified vehicles only, while "Semi-Universal" represents usage of the ISOFIX anchorage together with a "foot-prop".[3][4]
Isofix is designed to secure a maximum combined weight (comprising both seat and child) of 33kg.[5]
The center-to-center distance between the anchors of ISOFIX (and also LATCH) systems is 280 mm.
For Group 2/3 seats there is a system called ISOFIT which anchors the seat to the vehicle so it cannot slide around when not in use. In the case of Isofit, the child is held into the seat using the vehicle's existing seat belt system, not the safety seat's straps.
On September 19, 2014, the Australian government legalized the use of ISOFIX child seats. Prior to this date, their sale (and use) in Australia was illegal.[6]
歷史
[編輯]The ISOFIX system was developed jointly by child safety seat maker Britax-Römer and automobile maker VW, with the first compatible products released in 1997.[7]
ISO 13216 part 1 (covering lower anchorage points) was published in 1999. Part 2, covering top tether anchorages was published in December 2004.[8][9]
Amendments to include ISOFIX in UN ECE Regulations 14 & 44, which specify uniform provisions for the design of vehicle seat anchorages and child safety seats, came into force in February 2004.[10][11]
Under the current UN/ECE R14, all new vehicles produced since February 2013 are required to have ISOFIX lower anchorages and top tether attachments.
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Information on LATCH (Lower Anchors and Tethers for CHildren). Car-Safety.Org. February 29, 2008 [2008-07-06].
- ^ Information on ISOFIX/LATCH. Car Safety for Kids Blog. May 8, 2008 [2009-08-03].
- ^ DUO plus Typenliste (PDF). [June 26, 2008].[失效連結]
- ^ SAFEFIX plus Typenliste (PDF). [June 26, 2008].[失效連結]
- ^ Why choose an ISOFIX car seat?. www.bebeconfort.com. [2018-02-11].
- ^ ISOFIX child seats legalised for Australia.
- ^ Britax history and heritage. [April 1, 2014].
- ^ ISO 13216-1:1999. [April 1, 2014].
- ^ ISO 13216-2:2004. [April 1, 2014].
- ^ United Nations ECE Working Party on Passive Safety - Proposal for draft supplement 5 to the 03 series of amendments to Regulation No 44 (PDF). [April 1, 2014].
- ^ UN ECE Regulation No 44 (PDF). [April 1, 2014].
