传统主义西班牙国家工团主义进攻委员会方阵
 | 此条目缺少有关历史沿革、事件的信息。 (2019年3月24日) |
传统主义西班牙国家工团主义进攻委员会方阵 Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista | |
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 传统主义西班牙国家工团主义进攻委员会方阵标志 | |
| 全国首领 | 弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥（1937年－1975年） |
| 成立 | 1937年4月19日 |
| 解散 | 1977年4月7日 |
| 合并自 | 西班牙长枪党 传统主义团契 |
| 继承者 | 西班牙长枪党 (1976年) |
| 总部 | 马德里阿尔卡拉街44号[n 1] |
| 党报 | 《向上》 |
| 青年组织 | 青年阵线全国代表团 |
| 学生组织 | 西班牙大学联盟 |
| 妇女组织 | 妇女部 |
| 工会组织 | 西班牙工会组织 |
| 意识形态 | 长枪主义 法西斯主义[2] |
| 政治立场 | 极右翼 |
| 宗教信仰 | 罗马天主教 |
| 官方色彩 | 红色和 黑色 |
| 党歌 | 《面向太阳》 |
| 党旗 | |
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| 西班牙政治 政党 · 选举 | |
传统主义西班牙国家工团主义进攻委员会方阵（西班牙语：Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista，缩写为FET y de las JONS）是西班牙历史上的一个极右翼政党。1937年4月19日，西班牙长枪党（西班牙国家工团主义进攻委员会方阵）和卡洛斯主义政党传统主义团契合并为传统主义西班牙国家工团主义进攻委员会方阵。该党作为西班牙执政党及唯一的合法政党直至1977年被取缔。
注释
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ El yugo y las flechas de Alcalá 44, desmontados. El País. 10 April 1977 [2021-02-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-09）.
- ^ Blinkhorn 2003，第10–11页: "The Franco regime-the only European regime with a major radical fascist ingredient to survive long beyond 1945, and studied here by Paul Preston—is a useful example. Notwithstanding the aforementioned fascisant tendencies within the Spanish Catholic and monarchist right, radical fascism, in the form of the Falange (fused from 1934 with the JONS), was weak until 1936 when it began to expand rapidly, not least through the recruitment of disillusioned JAP-ists. [...] The product, like the Italian Fascist regime, was a compromise between radical fascism and conservative authoritarianism, in this case with unambiguous military and Church support. As Preston indicates, Falangism played a superficially prominent and important role for as long as it suited Franco, that is, until the mid-1940s, thereafter to be shunned into the sidings of Spanish political life."; Griffin & Feldman 2004，第82–83页; Albanese & Hierro 2016，第54页: "It was the FET-JONS, the main actor in Spain, which wanted the full fascistization of the country and which was mos active during the period in trying to achieve it through the so-called 'syndicalist revolution'. This should not come as a surprise; Falange did not need the fascistization process, since it was already fully fascist from the beginning. Further, relations between Falange and Italy had become increasingly stronger since the Spanish Civil War, to the extent that Mussolini saw the Spanish party at the main vehicle capable of transforming Spain into a fully fascist country. Similarly, FET-jons also regarded Mussolini's Italy as its main point of reference and even asked the authorities in Rome for advice about carrying out the fascistization process of the Francoist regime as effectively as possible."; Thomàs 2020，第38–39页: "Al referirnos a fascismo español lo hacemos a dos organizaciones diferentes. En primer lugar al partido fascista Falange Española de las JONS, que existió entre 1934 y el 19 de abril de 1937; y en segundo, al partido único del régimen franquista, Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS, creado el último día citado y subsistente durante toda la vigencia del Franquismo -ni más ni menos que hasta abril de 1977, aunque en 1958 trocó su denominación por la de Movimiento Nacional. Existieron así dos organizaciones fascistas diferentes, aunque la segunda nació en parte de la primera y la integró."
- ^ Rossolinski, Grzegorz. Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist. Columbia University Press. 2014: 33.
参考书目
[编辑]- Payne, Stanley G. The Franco Regime, 1936–1975. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0-299-11074-1.
