自然杀伤细胞
外观
自然杀伤细胞 | |
---|---|
基本信息 | |
系统 | 免疫系统 |
功能 | 细胞毒性淋巴细胞 |
标识字符 | |
MeSH | D007694 |
FMA | FMA:63147 |
《显微解剖学术语》 [在维基数据上编辑] |
自然杀伤细胞(英语:natural killer cell)或自然杀手细胞,简称NK细胞(NK cell),是一类具有细胞毒性作用但不具有T细胞和B细胞受体的非特异性淋巴细胞[1][2]。NK细胞属于固有免疫系统的主要成员,无须预先接触抗原即可直接杀伤靶细胞(受感染细胞、肿瘤细胞),且其杀伤效应无MHC限制性,具有抗感染、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等作用[3]。
NK细胞的胞质内有显著的大颗粒,属于一种大颗粒淋巴细胞[4][5](large granular lymphocyte,LGL),由骨髓淋巴样干细胞发育而成,其分化、发育依赖于骨髓或胸腺微环境,主要分布于外周血和脾脏,在淋巴结和其他组织中也有少量存在[6]。
NK细胞在感染早期特异性抗体尚未出现前即能发挥重要作用,因其非专一性的细胞毒杀作用而得名,属于先天免疫系统的成员。它不会进行受体的基因重组(B细胞、T细胞的V(D)J重组,以及B细胞的体细胞高频突变),但仍具有一些特殊受体,称为“杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体”,可以激活或抑制其作用在血液中循环。NK细胞除了在血液中,也在骨髓,脾脏、淋巴结中出现,约占所有淋巴细胞的细胞的5~10%。它可以消灭许多种病原体及多种肿瘤细胞。自然杀伤细胞会直接和陌生细胞接触,并以细胞膜破裂之方式杀死此细胞,可利用分泌穿孔素及肿瘤坏死因子,摧毁目标细胞。
一般认为在外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中分选到CD56+/CD3-的细胞即为NK细胞。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Vivier, E., Tomasello, E., Baratin, M. et al. Functions of natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 9, 503–510 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1582
- ^ Carl Robinson. Natural Killer Cells: NK Cell Origin, Function and Related Conditions. Technology Networks: Immunology & Microbiology.
- ^ Vivier, E., Rebuffet, L., Narni-Mancinelli, E. et al. Natural killer cell therapies. Nature 626, 727–736 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06945-1
- ^ Oshimi, Kazuo. Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemias. Internal Medicine. 2017, 56 (14): 1759–1769. ISSN 0918-2918. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8881 (英语).
- ^ Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia. www.lls.org. [2024-08-24].
- ^ Vivier, Eric; Tomasello, Elena; Baratin, Myriam; Walzer, Thierry; Ugolini, Sophie. Functions of natural killer cells. Nature Immunology. 2008-04-18, 9 (5). ISSN 1529-2908. doi:10.1038/ni1582.
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Cellular and Molecular Immunology by Abul K. Abbas & Andrew Lichtman Saunders Copyright 2003
- How the Immune System Works, 2nd edition, by Lauren Sompayrac, PhD Blackwell Publishing 2003
- Immunobiology: The Immune System In Health And Disease by Janeway, Travers, Walport & Shlomchik Churchchill Livingstone Copyright 2005
- Kuby Immunology, 6th edition, by Thomas J. Kindt, Richard A. Goldsby, and Barbara A. Osborne, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York
参看
[编辑]外部链接
[编辑]维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:natural killer cell
- Video of natural killer cell (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- CopeWithCytoKines Portal to definitions of NK-Cells and closely related topics (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- https://web.archive.org/web/20100122025038/http://www.hfea.gov.uk/fertility-treatment-options-reproductive-immunology.html Reproductive immunology and fertility treatment
- http://www.cambridgenetwork.co.uk/news/article/default.aspx?objid=58465 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Binns C (June 19, 2006), Natural Body Guards: How Your Killer Cells Get Motivated (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Livescience.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-20.
- 医学主题词表(MeSH):Natural+Killer+Cells
- Nkcells.info - MediaWiki-based information platform specializing on natural killer cells
- Large granular lymphocyte (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms