成人身體細胞類型列表
外觀
人體內有數百種特異的細胞類型[1][2][3],總共有多於一百兆的細胞。
細胞類型可以依照其組織來源進行分類。然而,某些細胞的行為可能是受其外周組織影響的。
源自內胚層的細胞
[編輯]腺細胞
[編輯]外分泌上皮細胞
[編輯]- 唾液腺黏液細胞(分泌物質中以多糖為主)
- 唾液腺漿液細胞(分泌物質中以醣蛋白酶為主)
- 舌部的馮哎波訥腺(Von Ebner's glands)細胞(沖刷味蕾)
- 乳腺細胞(分泌乳汁)
- 淚腺細胞(分泌淚液)
- 耳的耳垢腺細胞(分泌蠟質耳垢)
- 外分泌汗腺暗細胞,Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (糖蛋白分泌,glycoprotein secretion)
- 外分泌汗腺亮細胞,Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (小分子分泌,small molecule secretion)
- 頂泌汗腺細胞,Apocrine sweat gland cell (性激素敏感的體味分泌,odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
- 眼瞼的墨氏腺細胞,Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (特殊汗腺,specialized sweat gland)
- 脂肪腺細胞,Sebaceous gland cell (皮脂腺脂肪分泌,lipid-rich sebum secretion)
- 鼻的鮑曼氏腺細胞Bowman's gland cell in nose (沖刷嗅覺上皮,washes olfactory epithelium)
- 十二指腸的歩茹吶氏細胞Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (酶和鹼性粘液,enzymes and alkaline mucus)
- 精液泡細胞,Seminal vesicle cell (分泌精液成分,包括精子游動所需的果糖,secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)
- 前列腺細胞,Prostate gland cell (分泌精液成分,secretes seminal fluid components)
- 尿道球部腺細胞,Bulbourethral gland cell (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
- 巴多林氏腺(前庭大腺)細胞,Bartholin's gland cell (陰道潤滑物質分泌,vaginal lubricant secretion)
- 尿道腺|利特腺細胞,Gland of Littre cell (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
- 子宮內膜細胞,Uterus endometrium cell (碳水化合物分泌,carbohydrate secretion)
- 呼吸系統之呼吸管或消化系統之腸胃管的孤立杯狀細胞,Isolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
- 胃膜粘液細胞,Stomach lining mucous cell (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
- 胃主細胞|胃腺酶源細胞,Gastric gland zymogenic cell (胃蛋白酶原分泌,pepsinogen secretion)
- 壁細胞|胃腺泌酸細胞,Gastric gland oxyntic cell (鹽酸分泌,hydrochloric acid secretion)
- 胰腺腺泡細胞,Pancreatic acinar cell (碳酸氫鹽和消化酶分泌,bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion)
- 小腸的帕內特細胞,Paneth cell of small intestine (溶解酶分泌,lysozyme secretion)
- 肺臟二型肺細胞,Type II pneumocyte of lung (表面活性物質分泌,surfactant secretion)
- 肺臟的克拉拉細胞,Clara cell of lung
激素分泌細胞,Hormone secreting cells
[編輯]- 垂體前部細胞,Anterior pituitary cells
- 生長激素細胞,Somatotropes
- 催乳素細胞,Lactotropes
- 促甲狀腺細胞,Thyrotropes
- 促性腺細胞,Gonadotropes
- 促皮質激素細胞,Corticotropes
- 垂體中葉細胞,分泌黑素細胞刺激激素,Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- 大細胞性神經分泌細胞,Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
- 分泌後葉催產素,secreting oxytocin
- 抗利尿激素分泌,secreting vasopressin
- 腸和呼吸管細胞,Gut and respiratory tract cells
- 血管收縮素分泌,secreting serotonin
- 內啡肽分泌,secreting endorphin
- 生長激素分泌,secreting somatostatin
- 胃泌激素分泌,secreting gastrin
- 分泌素分泌,secreting secretin
- 膽囊收縮素分泌,secreting cholecystokinin
- 胰島素分泌,secreting insulin
- 胰高血糖素分泌,secreting glucagon
- 盤舌蟾素分泌,secreting bombesin
- 甲狀腺細胞,Thyroid gland cells
- 甲狀腺上皮細胞,thyroid epithelial cell
- 濾泡旁細胞,parafollicular cell
- 副甲狀腺細胞,Parathyroid gland cells
- 副甲狀腺主細胞,Parathyroid chief cell
- 嗜酸細胞,Oxyphil cell
- 腎上腺細胞,Adrenal gland cells
- 嗜鉻細胞,chromaffin cells
- 類固醇激素分泌,secreting steroid hormones (鹽皮質激素與糖皮質激素,mineralcorticoids and gluco corticoids)
- 分泌睪丸激素的睪丸間質細胞,Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone
- 分泌雌激素的卵泡內膜細胞,Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen
- 分泌孕酮的破裂卵泡的黃體細胞,Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
- 顆粒型黃體素細胞,Granulosa lutein cells
- 皮質型黃體素細胞,Theca lutein cells
- 近腎小球細胞,Juxtaglomerular cell (腎素分泌,renin secretion)
- 腎臟緻密斑細胞,Macula densa cell of kidney
- 腎臟極周細胞,Peripolar cell of kidney
- 腎臟的腎小球繫膜細胞,Mesangial cell of kidney
源自外胚層的細胞
[編輯]皮膚系統
[編輯]神經系統
[編輯]源自中胚層的細胞
[編輯]代謝與儲存細胞
[編輯]屏障功能的細胞
[編輯]腎
[編輯]其它
[編輯]Epithelial cells lining closed internal body cavities
[編輯]- 血管和淋巴管內皮穿孔細胞,Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial fenestrated cell
- 血管和淋巴管內皮連續細胞,Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial continuous cell
- 血管和淋巴管內皮脾臟細胞,Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial splenic cell
- 軟膜蛛網膜鱗片狀細胞,Pia-arachnoid squamous cell
- 眼睛的有色纖毛上皮細胞,Pigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
- 眼睛的無色纖毛上皮細胞,Nonpigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
- 角膜內皮細胞,Corneal endothelial cell
- (輸卵管的)釘形細胞,Peg cell (of Fallopian tube)
細胞外基質細胞
[編輯]收縮細胞
[編輯]血液與免疫系統
[編輯]- 紅血球,Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
- 巨核細胞(血小板的前體細胞),Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)
- 單核細胞,Monocyte
- 結締組織中的巨噬細胞(包含多種類型),Connective tissue macrophage (various types)
- 表皮中的朗格漢斯細胞(Langerhans cell)
- 破骨細胞(存在於骨骼中),Osteoclast (in bone)
- 樹突狀細胞(存在於淋巴組織中),Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues)
- 小膠質細胞(存在於中樞神經系統中),Microglial cell (in central nervous system)
- 中性粒細胞,Neutrophil granulocyte
- 嗜酸性粒細胞,Eosinophil granulocyte
- 嗜鹼性粒細胞,Basophil granulocyte
- 肥大細胞,Mast cell
- 輔助T細胞,Helper T cell
- 抑制T細胞,Suppressor T cell
- 細胞毒T細胞,Cytotoxic T cell
- 自然殺傷細胞,Natural Killer T cell
- B細胞,B cell
- 網狀細胞,Reticulocyte
- 血液及免疫系統的幹細胞和祖細胞(包含多種類型),Stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)
Pigment cells
[編輯]Germ cells
[編輯]- 卵原細胞/卵母細胞,Oogonium/Oocyte
- 精細胞,Spermatid
- 精原細胞,Spermatocyte
- 精母細胞(產生精原細胞的幹細胞),Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte)
- 精子,Spermatozoon
護理細胞,Nurse cells
[編輯]間質組織細胞
[編輯]- 間質組織腎細胞(Interstitial kidney cells)
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fourth Edition, Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
- ^ Eukaryotic cell types (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) in COPE database[失效連結]
- ^ Vickaryous MK, Hall BK, Human cell type diversity, evolution, development, and classification with special reference to cells derived from the neural crest, BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Volume: 81, Pages: 425-455, 2006