組氨醇脫氫酶（英語：histidinol dehydrogenase，EC 1.1.1.23 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館））是一種以NAD+或NADP+為受體、作用於供體CH-OH基團上的氧化還原酶。這種酶能催化以下酶促反應：
- L-組氨醇 + 2 NAD+ + H2O
L-組氨酸 + 2 NADH + 3 H+
組氨醇脫氫酶也能氧化組氨醛。在細菌、真菌和植物細胞中，組氨醇脫氫酶主要負責催化組氨酸生物合成的最後一步化學反應——組氨醇的四電子氧化反應。細菌的組氨醇脫氫酶是一個單鏈多肽；真菌的組氨醇脫氫酶則是一個多功能酶的C端結構域，可以催化組氨酸合成過程中的3個反應；植物的組氨醇脫氫酶則是由細胞核基因編碼的蛋白質前體，需被轉運至葉綠體後才能發揮作用。[1][2][3]
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- ^ Barbosa JA, Sivaraman J, Li Y, Larocque R, Matte A, Schrag JD, Cygler M. Mechanism of action and NAD+-binding mode revealed by the crystal structure of L-histidinol dehydrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. February 2002, 99 (4): 1859–64. PMC 122284 . PMID 11842181. doi:10.1073/pnas.022476199.
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- Yourno J, InoI. Purification and crystallization of histidinol dehydrogenase fromSalmonella typhimurium LT-2. J. Biol. Chem. 1968, 243 (12): 3273–6. PMID 4872177.
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