GenX

GenX是科慕公司为合成短链有机氟化合物，六氟环氧丙烯二聚酸（HFPO-DA）的铵盐注册的商标。在不正式场合中它也可以指用来生产GenX的一组有机氟化合物。^[1]杜邦公司于2009年开始商业发展GenX，目的是取代全氟辛酸（PFOA）。^[2]

用途

这些化学品用于诸如食物包装、油漆、清洁产品、不粘涂层、室外用布料和消防泡沫的产品。^[3]它们在北卡罗莱纳州费耶特维尔由杜邦分拆公司（英语：corporate spin-off）科慕公司制造。^[4]

GenX化学品可以取代全氟辛酸，制造如特氟龙的氟聚合物，^[5]^[6]因为全氟辛酸和有关的化合物被发现是有毒物质和致癌物。^[7]然而，在实验室测试中，GenX和全氟辛酸对大鼠导致的健康问题大致上都一样。^[8]^[9]

化学

制造过程将两个六氟环氧丙烯分子结合在一起，形成HFPO-DA。它再转化为铵盐，是狭义上的GenX化合物。^[2]

化学过程使用2,3,3,3-四氟-2-(七氟丙氧基)丙酸（FRD-903）生产2,3,3,3-四氟-2-(七氟丙氧基)丙酸铵（FRD-902）和七氟丙基-1,2,2,2-四氟乙基醚（E1）。^[10]

GenX遇水时会释放铵离子，成为HFPO-DA。因为HFPO-DA是强酸，它会去质子化形成其共轭碱。这个共轭碱可以在水中侦测。^[2]

参见

含氟表面活性剂（PFAS）

参考文献

^ C3 Dimer Acid and PFAS. Chemours. [23 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-18）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Hogue, Cheryl. What's GenX still doing in the water downstream of a Chemours plant?. American Chemical Society (ACS). 2018-02-12 [2019-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）.
^ Basic Information on PFAS. PFOA, PFOS and Other PFASs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2018-02-18 [2022-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-23）.
^ GenX Frequently Asked Questions (PDF). GenX Investigation. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ). 2018-02-15 [2022-03-16]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-01-26）.
^ Beekman, M.; et al. Evaluation of substances used in the GenX technology by Chemours, Dordrecht. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, The Netherlands). 2016-12-12 [2017-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-15）.
^ What is the difference between PFOA, PFOS and GenX and other replacement PFAS?. PFOA, PFOS and Other PFASs. EPA. 2018-02-18 [2022-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-23）.
^ Lau C., Anitole K., Hodes C., Lai D., Pfahles-Hutchens A., Seed J. Perfluoroalkyl acids: a review of monitoring and toxicological findings. Toxicol. Sci. October 2007, 99 (2): 366–94. PMID 17519394. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm128 .
^ Caverly Rae, JM; Craig, Lisa; Stone, Theodore W.; Frame, Steven R.; Buxton, L. William; Kennedy, Gerald L. Evaluation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate in Sprague–Dawley rats. Toxicology Reports. 2015, 2: 939–949. PMC 5598527 . PMID 28962433. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.001.
^ Lerner, Sharon. New Teflon Toxin Causes Cancer in Lab Animals. The Intercept. 2016-03-03 [2018-12-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-26）（美国英语）.
^ DuPont GenX Processing Aid for Making Fluoropolymer Resins (PDF). 2016-02-09 [2019-08-21]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-02-08）.

[1] C3 Dimer Acid and PFAS. Chemours. [23 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-18）.

[C&EN-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Hogue, Cheryl. What's GenX still doing in the water downstream of a Chemours plant?. American Chemical Society (ACS). 2018-02-12 [2019-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）.

[EPA-basic-3] Basic Information on PFAS. PFOA, PFOS and Other PFASs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2018-02-18 [2022-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-23）.

[4] GenX Frequently Asked Questions (PDF). GenX Investigation. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ). 2018-02-15 [2022-03-16]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-01-26）.

[5] Beekman, M.; et al. Evaluation of substances used in the GenX technology by Chemours, Dordrecht. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, The Netherlands). 2016-12-12 [2017-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-15）.

[6] What is the difference between PFOA, PFOS and GenX and other replacement PFAS?. PFOA, PFOS and Other PFASs. EPA. 2018-02-18 [2022-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-23）.

[Lau2007-7] Lau C., Anitole K., Hodes C., Lai D., Pfahles-Hutchens A., Seed J. Perfluoroalkyl acids: a review of monitoring and toxicological findings. Toxicol. Sci. October 2007, 99 (2): 366–94. PMID 17519394. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm128 .

[8] Caverly Rae, JM; Craig, Lisa; Stone, Theodore W.; Frame, Steven R.; Buxton, L. William; Kennedy, Gerald L. Evaluation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate in Sprague–Dawley rats. Toxicology Reports. 2015, 2: 939–949. PMC 5598527 . PMID 28962433. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.001.

[9] Lerner, Sharon. New Teflon Toxin Causes Cancer in Lab Animals. The Intercept. 2016-03-03 [2018-12-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-26）（美国英语）.

[10] DuPont GenX Processing Aid for Making Fluoropolymer Resins (PDF). 2016-02-09 [2019-08-21]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-02-08）.

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