穿孔贝属

穿孔贝属; 化石时期：晚泥盆世–现代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Terebratula maugerii
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	腕足动物门 Brachiopoda
纲：	小嘴贝纲 Rhynchonellata
目：	穿孔贝目 Terebratulida
科：	穿孔贝科 Terebratulidae
亚科：	穿孔贝亚科 Terebratulinae
属：	穿孔贝属 Terebratula; Müller, 1776
模式种
	Terebratula terebratula; Linné, 1758
种
	见内文

穿孔贝属（学名：Terebratula）是穿孔贝科穿孔贝亚科下的一个属，其化石最早可以追溯至晚泥盆世晚期。它们分布在世界各地，利用厚实的肉茎固着在海床上，以海水中的悬浮物为食。

特征

这类腕足动物具有双凸的蛋形外壳，壳顶短小厚实并微微向内弯曲，并有一巨大且发达的肉茎孔。背壳的内部有突出的齿和眼窝，并有短小的中间隔膜。两壳前缘的闭合线平直，没有褶皱或凹陷。两壳上均有纤细、致密的同心生长线，在壳的边缘附近显得更加突出。^[2]

物种

Terebratula (Waldheimia) King, 1850
Terebratula aequalis Klipstein, 1843
Terebratula anatina de Loriol, 1895
Terebratula arabilis Forbes, 1846
Terebratula baltzeri Haas, 1893
Terebratula bipartita Münster, 1841
Terebratula birdlipensis Rollier, 1918
Terebratula bisuffarcinata Noetling, 1887
Terebratula bronni Klipstein, 1843
Terebratula bussoni Dubar, 1967
Terebratula coahuilensis Imlay, 1940
Terebratula crassa d'Archiac, 1847
Terebratula depressa Lamarck, 1819
Terebratula djeffarae Dubar, 1967
Terebratula doueensis Rollier, 1918
Terebratula flemingii Davidson, 1862
Terebratula fragilis Schlotheim, 1814
Terebratula furciliensis Haas, 1890
Terebratula gesneri Etalon, 1861
Terebratula gomesi Choffat, 1947
Terebratula gortanii Jaboli, 1959
Terebratula grandis Blumenbach, 1803
Terebratula harlani Morton, 1829
Terebratula hoernesi Suess, 1886
Terebratula intervallata Bittner, 1892
Terebratula italica Bitner and Dieni, 2005
Terebratula kanei Imlay, 1940
Terebratula kemenczeiensis Majer, 1915
Terebratula lacunosa Thunberg, 1789
Terebratula lamberti Douville, 1886
Terebratula lamellosa Thomson & Owen, 1979
Terebratula laricimontana Bittner, 1890
Terebratula latissima Sowerby, 1829
Terebratula longirostris Wahlenberg, 1821
Terebratula macrescens Dreger, 1889
Terebratula marbachensis Rollier, 1918
Terebratula marylandica Roberts, 1922
Terebratula matmatensis Dubar, 1967
Terebratula miikensis Yokoyama, 1911
Terebratula minuta Moore, 1861
Terebratula movelierensis Mühlberg, 1900
Terebratula pectunculus Quenstedt, 1858
Terebratula perinflata Shumard, 1859
Terebratula phillipsii Morris & Davidson, 1847
Terebratula quinqueplicata Zieten, 1830
Terebratula retrocarinata Rothpletz, 1886
Terebratula rulliacensis Bouillerie, 1922
Terebratula salvatoris Greco, 1899
Terebratula seccoi Parona, 1882
Terebratula semicostata Münster, 1841
Terebratula sillimani Imlay, 1937
Terebratula sphenoidalis Meneghini, 1874
Terebratula spinosa Valenciennes, 1819
Terebratula sturi Laube, 1865
Terebratula sturii Laube, 1865
Terebratula styriaca Dreger, 1889
Terebratula suborbicularis Münster, 1841
Terebratula superstes Douvillé, 1916
Terebratula suttonensis Clapp & Shimer, 1911
Terebratula tamaulipana Imlay, 1937
Terebratula tenniensis Rollier, 1918
Terebratula terebratula Linnaeus, 1758 异名 Anomia terebratula
Terebratula tetragona Roemer, 1839
Terebratula thurmanni Rollier, 1918
Terebratula transversa Sowerby, 1846
Terebratula trigona Quenstedt, 1852
Terebratula vitrea Born, 1778

重新分配的物种

因为穿孔贝属是一个较早被建立的属，因此其下有些物种现时已被置入其他的属。^[3]

T. aculeata = Platidia anomioides^[4]
T. acuminata = Pugnax acuminata
T. acuta Quenstedt, 1869 = Musculina biennensis
T. acuta Sowerby, 1816 = Homoeorhynchia acuta
T. acutiplicata = Kutchithyris acutiplicata
T. antinomia = Pygope deltoidea
T. antisiensis = Clarckeia antisiensis
T. archiaci = Meganteris archiaci
T. ascendens = Septalaria ascendens
T. aualites = Loboidothyris aualites
T. australis = Magellania australis
T. bentleyi = Tegulithyris bentleyi
T. bifida = Linguithyris bifida
T. bivallata = Antiptychina bivallata
T. brachyptycta = Isopoma brachyptycta
T. bullata = Rugitela bullata
T. californiana = Laqueus californianus
T. capsula = Gwynia capsula
T. cardita = Megathiris detruncata^[4]
T. chilensis = Terebratella dorsata
T. cimex = Cimicinella cimex
T. concentrica = Athyris concentrica
T. cordata = Joania cordata^[4]
T. cornuta = Zeilleria cornuta
T. costata = Rhynchora costata
T. cranium = Macandrevia cranium
T. crispa = Howellella crispa
T. cuneata Dalman, 1828 = Rhynchotreta cuneata
T. cuneata Risso, 1826 = Argyrotheca cuneata^[4]
T. curvifrons = Pseudoglossothyris leckhamptonensis
T. cymbaeformis = Gilledia cymbaeformis
T. daleidensis = Oligoptycherhynchus daleidensis^[5]
T. debuchii = Streptaria debuchii
T. deltoidea = Pygope deltoidea
T. depressa = Rectithyris depressa
T. depressa var. cyrta = Cyrtothyris cyrta
T. dilatata = Antinomia dilatata
T. diphimorpha = Moraviaturia diphimorpha
T. diphya = Pygope diphya^[4]
T. diphyoides = Pygites diphyoides
T. duboisi = Zygospiraella duboisi
T. dutempleana = Moutonithyris dutempliana
T. emarginata = Terebratulina retusa^[4]
T. eucharis = Eucharitina eucharis
T. eugenii = Epicyrta eugenii
T. euides = Euidothyris extensa
T. extensa = Rhombothyris extensa
T. fabulites = Camarospira eucharis
T. fimbri = Plectothyris fimbri
T. fittoni = Neoliothyrina fittoni^[6]
T. flabellum = Flabellothyris flabellum
T. flavescens = Magellania australis
T. flexuosa = Anomactinella flexuosa
T. fornicata = Ladogofornix fornicate
T. geinitziana = Rhynchopora geinitziana
T. gisii = Gisilina gisii
T. globata var. tumida = Stiphrothyris tumida
T. gravida = Goniothyris dorsetensis
T. grayi Davidson, 1848 = Streptis grayi
T. grayi Davidson, 1852 = Coptothyris grayi
T. gregaria = Rhaetina gregaria
T. gregariaeformis = Triadithyris gregariaeformis
T. gualteri = Aetheia gualteri
T. guerangeri = Fimbiothyris guerangeri
T. hagar = Propygope hagar
T. harlani = Oleneothyris harlani
T. hebe = Hebethoechia hebe
T. hemisphaeroidica = Amphitornella hemisphaeroidica
T. henrici = Glossinulus henrici
T. herculea = Meristina herculean
T. heyseana = Orthotoma spinati
T. Iineata = Martinothyris Iineata
T. imbricata = Plectatrypa imbricata
T. inconspicua = Waltonia valenciennesi
T. indistincta = Dioristella indistincta
T. intermedia = Cererithyris intermedia
T. kielcensis = Dzieduszyckia kielcensis
T. laeviuscula = Glassina laeviuscula
T. lata = Cyclothyris latissima
T. latilinguis = Gruenewaldtia latilinguis
T. latissima = Cyclothyris latissima
T. latona = Latonotoechia latona
T. lenticularis = Neothyris lenticularis

T. lepida = Bifida lepida
T. lima = Kingena lima
T. lineata = Eospirifer radiatus
T. marginalis = Spirigerina marginalis
T. mayeri = Heimia mayeri
T. michalkowii = Rouillieria michalkowii
T. microrhyncha = Pseudocarnarophoria microrhyncha
T. monas = Monadotoechia monas
T. monstruosa = Pantellaria monstruosa
T. morierei = Cheniothyris morierei
T. moutoniana = Platythyris comptonensis
T. mucronata = Triathyris mucronata
T. multicarinata = Peregrinella peregrina
T. multiformis = Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis
T. navicula = Dayia navicula
T. nerviensis = Rectithyris depressa
T. nigricans = Notosaria nigricans
T. obesa Davidson, 1852 = Neoliothyrina obesa
T. obesa Sowerby, 1823 = Concinnithyris obesa
T. orbignyana = Nucinulus orbignyana^[7]
T. orbis = Zittelina orbis
T. ornithocephala = Ornithella ornithocephala
T. ovoides = Rensselaeria elongata
T. oxoptychia = Mosquella oxoptychia
T. pachyderma = Camerophorina pachyderma
T. pectita = Derita pectita
T. peregrina = Peregrinella peregrina
T. philomela = Cryptatrypa Philomela
T. phoenix = Phoenicitoechia phoenix
T. pisolithica = Stroudithyris pisolithica
T. plicata = Choristothyris plicata
T. plicatella = Sphenorhynchia plicatella
T. plicatilis = Cretirhynchia plicatilis
T. polyplecta = Plectoidothyris polyplecta
T. praegnans = Praegnantenia praegnans
T. praelonga = Praelongithyris praelonga
T. prisca flabellata = Minatrypa flabellate
T. quadrata = Terebratulina retusa^[4]
T. quinquecostata = Pentactinella quinquecostata
T. ramsaueri = Camerothyris ramsaueri
T. rectirostra = Cryptonella rectirostra
T. renierii var. sinuosa = Hesperithyris sinuosa
T. resupinata = Aulacothyris resupinata
T. rhaetica = Zugmayeria rhaetica
T. romingeri = Cranaena romingeri
T. rostriformis = Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis
T. sakhalinensis = Cnismatocentrum sakhalinensis
T. sanguina = Magasella evansii
T. scalpellum = Scalpellirhynchia scalpellum
T. scalprum = Dicamara plebeia
T. schlotheimi = Stenoscisma schlotheimi
T. schnuri = Schnurella schnuri
T. sella = Sellithyris sella
T. semiglobularis = Meonia semiglobularis
T. septigera = Dallina septigera
T. soldaniana = Argyrotheca cuneata^[4]
T. stephani = Ptyctothyris stephani
T. strigiceps = Rhenorensselaeria strigiceps
T. strogonofi = Uralella strogonofi
T. subvesicularis = Notothyris subvesicularis
T. sulcifera = Ornatothyris sulcifera
T. tarda = Lanceomyonia tarda
T. tetraëdra = Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra
T. tetrahedra = Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra
T. tetratoma = Tetratomia tetratoma
T. thetis = Dubaria thetis
T. torenoi = Pradoia torenoi
T. transversa = Terebratalia transversa
T. triplicata squarniplex = Squamirhynchia squarniplex
T. truncata Sowerby, 1826 = Gemmarcula aurea
T. truncata Linné, 1767 = Megerlia truncata^[4]
T. uptoni = Charltonithyris uptoni
T. urna antiqua = Megathiris detruncata
T. uva = Liothyrella uva
T. velox = Amissopecten velox
T. venusta = Anoplotheca venusta
T. verneuili = Pleisiothyris verneuili
T. virtrea = Gryphus vitreus^[4]
T. wissmanni = Diplospirella wissmanni
T. wrighti = Tubithyris wrighti
T. wyvillei = Abyssothyris wyvillei

图片

The Popular science monthly 中描绘Terebratula vitrea的插图(1887)
于西班牙阿尔梅里亚的上新世地层中挖掘出的Terebrantula ampulla化石
哥本哈根地质博物馆收藏的Terebratula longirostris化石

参考文献

^ Fossilworks: Terebratula. [2018-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-22）（英语）.
^ Walker, Cyril（英语：Cyril Walker (palaeontologist)）; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 93. ISBN 0789489848.
^ Moore, R.C. Brachiopoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H., Volume 1 and 2. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. 1965: H21, H32, H43–46, H100, H206, H208, H210, H820, H831. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.
^ ^4.00 ^4.01 ^4.02 ^4.03 ^4.04 ^4.05 ^4.06 ^4.07 ^4.08 ^4.09 Emig, Christian C. Révision des espèces de brachiopodes décrites par A. Risso [Revision of the brachiopod species described by A. Risso] (PDF). Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology]. 2012, (Article 2012/02 (CG2012_A02) 15) [2018-04-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.
^ Sartenaer, P. Re-examination of the Late Emsian rhynchonellid (brachiopod) Terebratula Daleidensis Roemer, 1844 from the Eifel area, and some related species (PDF). Bulletin de l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 2010, 80: 47–84 [2018-04-18]. ISSN 0374-6291. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-03-19）. |author=和|last=只需其一 (帮助)
^ Asgaard, Ulla. Observations on Neoliothyrina fittoni - a rare Maastrichtian terebratulid from NW Europe (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 1972, 21: 337–345 [2018-04-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-05-18）.
^ Sartenaer, Paul. Restatement of Terebratula orbignyana De Vernieuil, 1850, on the basis of the original collection (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institute royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 2005,. 74-supplement: 81–88 [2018-04-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.

外部链接

Terebratula in the Paleobiology Database（英语：Paleobiology Database）
Short notes on Terebratula （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
J. Morris On the Subdivision of the Genus Terebratula

[Fossilworks-1] Fossilworks: Terebratula. [2018-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-22）（英语）.

[Fossils-2] Walker, Cyril（英语：Cyril Walker (palaeontologist)）; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 93. ISBN 0789489848.

[Treatise-3] Moore, R.C. Brachiopoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H., Volume 1 and 2. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. 1965: H21, H32, H43–46, H100, H206, H208, H210, H820, H831. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.

[Emig-4] 4.00 ^4.01 ^4.02 ^4.03 ^4.04 ^4.05 ^4.06 ^4.07 ^4.08 ^4.09 Emig, Christian C. Révision des espèces de brachiopodes décrites par A. Risso [Revision of the brachiopod species described by A. Risso] (PDF). Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology]. 2012, (Article 2012/02 (CG2012_A02) 15) [2018-04-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.

[5] Sartenaer, P. Re-examination of the Late Emsian rhynchonellid (brachiopod) Terebratula Daleidensis Roemer, 1844 from the Eifel area, and some related species (PDF). Bulletin de l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 2010, 80: 47–84 [2018-04-18]. ISSN 0374-6291. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-03-19）. |author=和|last=只需其一 (帮助)

[6] Asgaard, Ulla. Observations on Neoliothyrina fittoni - a rare Maastrichtian terebratulid from NW Europe (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 1972, 21: 337–345 [2018-04-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-05-18）.

[7] Sartenaer, Paul. Restatement of Terebratula orbignyana De Vernieuil, 1850, on the basis of the original collection (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institute royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 2005,. 74-supplement: 81–88 [2018-04-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.

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