穿孔貝屬

穿孔貝屬; 化石時期：晚泥盆世–現代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Terebratula maugerii
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	腕足動物門 Brachiopoda
綱：	小嘴貝綱 Rhynchonellata
目：	穿孔貝目 Terebratulida
科：	穿孔貝科 Terebratulidae
亞科：	穿孔貝亞科 Terebratulinae
屬：	穿孔貝屬 Terebratula; Müller, 1776
模式種
	Terebratula terebratula; Linné, 1758
種
	見內文

穿孔貝屬（學名：Terebratula）是穿孔貝科穿孔貝亞科下的一個屬，其化石最早可以追溯至晚泥盆世晚期。牠們分布在世界各地，利用厚實的肉莖固著在海床上，以海水中的懸浮物為食。

特徵

這類腕足動物具有雙凸的蛋形外殼，殼頂短小厚實並微微向內彎曲，並有一巨大且發達的肉莖孔。背殼的內部有突出的齒和眼窩，並有短小的中間隔膜。兩殼前緣的閉合線平直，沒有褶皺或凹陷。兩殼上均有纖細、緻密的同心生長線，在殼的邊緣附近顯得更加突出。^[2]

物種

Terebratula (Waldheimia) King, 1850
Terebratula aequalis Klipstein, 1843
Terebratula anatina de Loriol, 1895
Terebratula arabilis Forbes, 1846
Terebratula baltzeri Haas, 1893
Terebratula bipartita Münster, 1841
Terebratula birdlipensis Rollier, 1918
Terebratula bisuffarcinata Noetling, 1887
Terebratula bronni Klipstein, 1843
Terebratula bussoni Dubar, 1967
Terebratula coahuilensis Imlay, 1940
Terebratula crassa d'Archiac, 1847
Terebratula depressa Lamarck, 1819
Terebratula djeffarae Dubar, 1967
Terebratula doueensis Rollier, 1918
Terebratula flemingii Davidson, 1862
Terebratula fragilis Schlotheim, 1814
Terebratula furciliensis Haas, 1890
Terebratula gesneri Etalon, 1861
Terebratula gomesi Choffat, 1947
Terebratula gortanii Jaboli, 1959
Terebratula grandis Blumenbach, 1803
Terebratula harlani Morton, 1829
Terebratula hoernesi Suess, 1886
Terebratula intervallata Bittner, 1892
Terebratula italica Bitner and Dieni, 2005
Terebratula kanei Imlay, 1940
Terebratula kemenczeiensis Majer, 1915
Terebratula lacunosa Thunberg, 1789
Terebratula lamberti Douville, 1886
Terebratula lamellosa Thomson & Owen, 1979
Terebratula laricimontana Bittner, 1890
Terebratula latissima Sowerby, 1829
Terebratula longirostris Wahlenberg, 1821
Terebratula macrescens Dreger, 1889
Terebratula marbachensis Rollier, 1918
Terebratula marylandica Roberts, 1922
Terebratula matmatensis Dubar, 1967
Terebratula miikensis Yokoyama, 1911
Terebratula minuta Moore, 1861
Terebratula movelierensis Mühlberg, 1900
Terebratula pectunculus Quenstedt, 1858
Terebratula perinflata Shumard, 1859
Terebratula phillipsii Morris & Davidson, 1847
Terebratula quinqueplicata Zieten, 1830
Terebratula retrocarinata Rothpletz, 1886
Terebratula rulliacensis Bouillerie, 1922
Terebratula salvatoris Greco, 1899
Terebratula seccoi Parona, 1882
Terebratula semicostata Münster, 1841
Terebratula sillimani Imlay, 1937
Terebratula sphenoidalis Meneghini, 1874
Terebratula spinosa Valenciennes, 1819
Terebratula sturi Laube, 1865
Terebratula sturii Laube, 1865
Terebratula styriaca Dreger, 1889
Terebratula suborbicularis Münster, 1841
Terebratula superstes Douvillé, 1916
Terebratula suttonensis Clapp & Shimer, 1911
Terebratula tamaulipana Imlay, 1937
Terebratula tenniensis Rollier, 1918
Terebratula terebratula Linnaeus, 1758 異名 Anomia terebratula
Terebratula tetragona Roemer, 1839
Terebratula thurmanni Rollier, 1918
Terebratula transversa Sowerby, 1846
Terebratula trigona Quenstedt, 1852
Terebratula vitrea Born, 1778

重新分配的物種

因為穿孔貝屬是一個較早被建立的屬，因此其下有些物種現時已被置入其他的屬。^[3]

T. aculeata = Platidia anomioides^[4]
T. acuminata = Pugnax acuminata
T. acuta Quenstedt, 1869 = Musculina biennensis
T. acuta Sowerby, 1816 = Homoeorhynchia acuta
T. acutiplicata = Kutchithyris acutiplicata
T. antinomia = Pygope deltoidea
T. antisiensis = Clarckeia antisiensis
T. archiaci = Meganteris archiaci
T. ascendens = Septalaria ascendens
T. aualites = Loboidothyris aualites
T. australis = Magellania australis
T. bentleyi = Tegulithyris bentleyi
T. bifida = Linguithyris bifida
T. bivallata = Antiptychina bivallata
T. brachyptycta = Isopoma brachyptycta
T. bullata = Rugitela bullata
T. californiana = Laqueus californianus
T. capsula = Gwynia capsula
T. cardita = Megathiris detruncata^[4]
T. chilensis = Terebratella dorsata
T. cimex = Cimicinella cimex
T. concentrica = Athyris concentrica
T. cordata = Joania cordata^[4]
T. cornuta = Zeilleria cornuta
T. costata = Rhynchora costata
T. cranium = Macandrevia cranium
T. crispa = Howellella crispa
T. cuneata Dalman, 1828 = Rhynchotreta cuneata
T. cuneata Risso, 1826 = Argyrotheca cuneata^[4]
T. curvifrons = Pseudoglossothyris leckhamptonensis
T. cymbaeformis = Gilledia cymbaeformis
T. daleidensis = Oligoptycherhynchus daleidensis^[5]
T. debuchii = Streptaria debuchii
T. deltoidea = Pygope deltoidea
T. depressa = Rectithyris depressa
T. depressa var. cyrta = Cyrtothyris cyrta
T. dilatata = Antinomia dilatata
T. diphimorpha = Moraviaturia diphimorpha
T. diphya = Pygope diphya^[4]
T. diphyoides = Pygites diphyoides
T. duboisi = Zygospiraella duboisi
T. dutempleana = Moutonithyris dutempliana
T. emarginata = Terebratulina retusa^[4]
T. eucharis = Eucharitina eucharis
T. eugenii = Epicyrta eugenii
T. euides = Euidothyris extensa
T. extensa = Rhombothyris extensa
T. fabulites = Camarospira eucharis
T. fimbri = Plectothyris fimbri
T. fittoni = Neoliothyrina fittoni^[6]
T. flabellum = Flabellothyris flabellum
T. flavescens = Magellania australis
T. flexuosa = Anomactinella flexuosa
T. fornicata = Ladogofornix fornicate
T. geinitziana = Rhynchopora geinitziana
T. gisii = Gisilina gisii
T. globata var. tumida = Stiphrothyris tumida
T. gravida = Goniothyris dorsetensis
T. grayi Davidson, 1848 = Streptis grayi
T. grayi Davidson, 1852 = Coptothyris grayi
T. gregaria = Rhaetina gregaria
T. gregariaeformis = Triadithyris gregariaeformis
T. gualteri = Aetheia gualteri
T. guerangeri = Fimbiothyris guerangeri
T. hagar = Propygope hagar
T. harlani = Oleneothyris harlani
T. hebe = Hebethoechia hebe
T. hemisphaeroidica = Amphitornella hemisphaeroidica
T. henrici = Glossinulus henrici
T. herculea = Meristina herculean
T. heyseana = Orthotoma spinati
T. Iineata = Martinothyris Iineata
T. imbricata = Plectatrypa imbricata
T. inconspicua = Waltonia valenciennesi
T. indistincta = Dioristella indistincta
T. intermedia = Cererithyris intermedia
T. kielcensis = Dzieduszyckia kielcensis
T. laeviuscula = Glassina laeviuscula
T. lata = Cyclothyris latissima
T. latilinguis = Gruenewaldtia latilinguis
T. latissima = Cyclothyris latissima
T. latona = Latonotoechia latona
T. lenticularis = Neothyris lenticularis

T. lepida = Bifida lepida
T. lima = Kingena lima
T. lineata = Eospirifer radiatus
T. marginalis = Spirigerina marginalis
T. mayeri = Heimia mayeri
T. michalkowii = Rouillieria michalkowii
T. microrhyncha = Pseudocarnarophoria microrhyncha
T. monas = Monadotoechia monas
T. monstruosa = Pantellaria monstruosa
T. morierei = Cheniothyris morierei
T. moutoniana = Platythyris comptonensis
T. mucronata = Triathyris mucronata
T. multicarinata = Peregrinella peregrina
T. multiformis = Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis
T. navicula = Dayia navicula
T. nerviensis = Rectithyris depressa
T. nigricans = Notosaria nigricans
T. obesa Davidson, 1852 = Neoliothyrina obesa
T. obesa Sowerby, 1823 = Concinnithyris obesa
T. orbignyana = Nucinulus orbignyana^[7]
T. orbis = Zittelina orbis
T. ornithocephala = Ornithella ornithocephala
T. ovoides = Rensselaeria elongata
T. oxoptychia = Mosquella oxoptychia
T. pachyderma = Camerophorina pachyderma
T. pectita = Derita pectita
T. peregrina = Peregrinella peregrina
T. philomela = Cryptatrypa Philomela
T. phoenix = Phoenicitoechia phoenix
T. pisolithica = Stroudithyris pisolithica
T. plicata = Choristothyris plicata
T. plicatella = Sphenorhynchia plicatella
T. plicatilis = Cretirhynchia plicatilis
T. polyplecta = Plectoidothyris polyplecta
T. praegnans = Praegnantenia praegnans
T. praelonga = Praelongithyris praelonga
T. prisca flabellata = Minatrypa flabellate
T. quadrata = Terebratulina retusa^[4]
T. quinquecostata = Pentactinella quinquecostata
T. ramsaueri = Camerothyris ramsaueri
T. rectirostra = Cryptonella rectirostra
T. renierii var. sinuosa = Hesperithyris sinuosa
T. resupinata = Aulacothyris resupinata
T. rhaetica = Zugmayeria rhaetica
T. romingeri = Cranaena romingeri
T. rostriformis = Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis
T. sakhalinensis = Cnismatocentrum sakhalinensis
T. sanguina = Magasella evansii
T. scalpellum = Scalpellirhynchia scalpellum
T. scalprum = Dicamara plebeia
T. schlotheimi = Stenoscisma schlotheimi
T. schnuri = Schnurella schnuri
T. sella = Sellithyris sella
T. semiglobularis = Meonia semiglobularis
T. septigera = Dallina septigera
T. soldaniana = Argyrotheca cuneata^[4]
T. stephani = Ptyctothyris stephani
T. strigiceps = Rhenorensselaeria strigiceps
T. strogonofi = Uralella strogonofi
T. subvesicularis = Notothyris subvesicularis
T. sulcifera = Ornatothyris sulcifera
T. tarda = Lanceomyonia tarda
T. tetraëdra = Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra
T. tetrahedra = Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra
T. tetratoma = Tetratomia tetratoma
T. thetis = Dubaria thetis
T. torenoi = Pradoia torenoi
T. transversa = Terebratalia transversa
T. triplicata squarniplex = Squamirhynchia squarniplex
T. truncata Sowerby, 1826 = Gemmarcula aurea
T. truncata Linné, 1767 = Megerlia truncata^[4]
T. uptoni = Charltonithyris uptoni
T. urna antiqua = Megathiris detruncata
T. uva = Liothyrella uva
T. velox = Amissopecten velox
T. venusta = Anoplotheca venusta
T. verneuili = Pleisiothyris verneuili
T. virtrea = Gryphus vitreus^[4]
T. wissmanni = Diplospirella wissmanni
T. wrighti = Tubithyris wrighti
T. wyvillei = Abyssothyris wyvillei

圖片

The Popular science monthly 中描繪Terebratula vitrea的插圖(1887)
於西班牙阿爾梅里亞的上新世地層中挖掘出的Terebrantula ampulla化石
哥本哈根地質博物館收藏的Terebratula longirostris化石

參考文獻

^ Fossilworks: Terebratula. [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-22）（英語）.
^ Walker, Cyril（英語：Cyril Walker (palaeontologist)）; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 93. ISBN 0789489848.
^ Moore, R.C. Brachiopoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H., Volume 1 and 2. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. 1965: H21, H32, H43–46, H100, H206, H208, H210, H820, H831. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.
^ ^4.00 ^4.01 ^4.02 ^4.03 ^4.04 ^4.05 ^4.06 ^4.07 ^4.08 ^4.09 Emig, Christian C. Révision des espèces de brachiopodes décrites par A. Risso [Revision of the brachiopod species described by A. Risso] (PDF). Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology]. 2012, (Article 2012/02 (CG2012_A02) 15) [2018-04-18]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-04）.
^ Sartenaer, P. Re-examination of the Late Emsian rhynchonellid (brachiopod) Terebratula Daleidensis Roemer, 1844 from the Eifel area, and some related species (PDF). Bulletin de l』Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 2010, 80: 47–84 [2018-04-18]. ISSN 0374-6291. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2014-03-19）. |author=和|last=只需其一 (幫助)
^ Asgaard, Ulla. Observations on Neoliothyrina fittoni - a rare Maastrichtian terebratulid from NW Europe (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 1972, 21: 337–345 [2018-04-18]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2014-05-18）.
^ Sartenaer, Paul. Restatement of Terebratula orbignyana De Vernieuil, 1850, on the basis of the original collection (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institute royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 2005,. 74-supplement: 81–88 [2018-04-18]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-04）.

外部連結

Terebratula in the Paleobiology Database（英語：Paleobiology Database）
Short notes on Terebratula （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
J. Morris On the Subdivision of the Genus Terebratula

[Fossilworks-1] Fossilworks: Terebratula. [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-22）（英語）.

[Fossils-2] Walker, Cyril（英語：Cyril Walker (palaeontologist)）; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 93. ISBN 0789489848.

[Treatise-3] Moore, R.C. Brachiopoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H., Volume 1 and 2. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. 1965: H21, H32, H43–46, H100, H206, H208, H210, H820, H831. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.

[Emig-4] 4.00 ^4.01 ^4.02 ^4.03 ^4.04 ^4.05 ^4.06 ^4.07 ^4.08 ^4.09 Emig, Christian C. Révision des espèces de brachiopodes décrites par A. Risso [Revision of the brachiopod species described by A. Risso] (PDF). Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology]. 2012, (Article 2012/02 (CG2012_A02) 15) [2018-04-18]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-04）.

[5] Sartenaer, P. Re-examination of the Late Emsian rhynchonellid (brachiopod) Terebratula Daleidensis Roemer, 1844 from the Eifel area, and some related species (PDF). Bulletin de l』Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 2010, 80: 47–84 [2018-04-18]. ISSN 0374-6291. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2014-03-19）. |author=和|last=只需其一 (幫助)

[6] Asgaard, Ulla. Observations on Neoliothyrina fittoni - a rare Maastrichtian terebratulid from NW Europe (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 1972, 21: 337–345 [2018-04-18]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2014-05-18）.

[7] Sartenaer, Paul. Restatement of Terebratula orbignyana De Vernieuil, 1850, on the basis of the original collection (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institute royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 2005,. 74-supplement: 81–88 [2018-04-18]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-04）.

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