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史丹利·寇比力克作品列表

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寇比力克於1975年拍攝《亂世兒女

史丹利·寇比力克(1928-1999)[1]在其職業生涯中執導了十三部故事片和三部短紀錄片。他的導演作品橫跨多種類型[2],被認為具有極強的影響力[3][4][5]

史丹利·寇比力克於1951年首次執導紀錄短片《搏鬥的日子英語Day of the Fight[a],同年晚些時候又執導了《飛行的牧師英語Flying Padre[b]。1953年,他執導了首部故事片《恐懼和慾望英語Fear and Desire[c][8]。該片的反戰主題在他後來的電影中也曾多次出現[9][10]。接下來,他拍攝了兩部黑色電影,《死之吻》(1955年)和《謀殺英語The Killing (film)[d](1956年)[12][13]。影評人羅渣·艾伯特對《謀殺》大加讚賞,並稱其為寇比力克的「第一部成熟的故事片」[12]。寇比力克隨後執導了兩部由卻·德格拉斯主演的荷里活電影:《光榮之路》(1957年)以及《風雲群英會》(1960年)[14][15]。後者贏得了金球獎最佳劇情類影片獎[16]。接下來他執導了由弗拉基米爾·納博科夫同名小說改編的電影《蘿莉塔》(1962年)[17],該片獲得奧斯卡最佳改編劇本獎提名[18]。1964年,希治閣執導了冷戰諷刺電影《密碼114》,由彼得·塞勒斯喬治·C·史葛主演[19],該片獲得了英國電影學院獎最佳影片獎[20]

1968年,寇比力克執導了太空史詩電影《2001:太空漫遊》。現如今,這部電影被廣泛認為是有史以來最具影響力的電影之一[21]。寇比力克憑藉其在這部電影鍾特效導演方面的出色表現,獲得了他個人唯一的一個奧斯卡獎[22]。他接下來的一部作品是反烏托邦電影《發條橙》(1971年),該片根據安東尼·伯吉斯1962年發表的同名中篇小說改編而成,上映時被評為限制級電影[23][24][25]。由於影片中描繪的「極端暴力」行為引發了現實中的犯罪案件,寇比力克要求在英國停止發行該片[24]。接着,寇比力克執導了歷史題材類電影《亂世兒女》(1975年),這是他自前兩部未來題材影片之後的轉型之作[26]。該片的商業表現不佳,評價也褒貶不一,但在第48屆奧斯卡金像獎上獲得了四個獎項[27][28]。1980年,寇比力克將史蒂芬·金的小說改編成了電影《閃靈》,由積·尼高遜雪莉·杜瓦爾主演[29]。儘管寇比力克因本片獲得了金草莓獎最差導演提名[30],但《閃靈》如今被普遍認為是有史以來最偉大的恐怖電影之一[29][31][32]。七年後,寇比力克推出了以越南戰爭為題材的電影《烈血焚城[33]。這部電影在爛番茄和Metacritic上是寇比力克後期電影中評分最高的作品。20世紀90年代初,寇比力克放棄了執導大屠殺電影《雅利安文件》的計劃。在計劃開展的初期,他曾猶豫是否要與史提芬·史匹堡執導的電影《舒特拉的名單》相競爭,但在深入參與該項目後變得「非常沮喪」以至於最終放棄[2][34]。他人生中的最後一部電影是情色驚慄片《大開眼戒》,由湯·告魯斯妮歌·潔曼主演,這部影片在他去世後才上映[35]。寇比力克另有一部稱之為《匹諾曹》的未完成電影項目,由史提芬·史匹堡於2001年製作完成,這就是影片《A.I.人工智能[36][37]

1997年,威尼斯影展授予寇比力克「終身成就金獅獎」[38]。同年,他獲得了美國導演協會終身成就獎,當時稱為D·W·格里菲斯終身成就獎[39][40]。1999年,英國電影和電視藝術學院向寇比力克頒發了大不列顛獎[41]。他去世後,英國電影學院獎為了紀念他,將該獎項重新命名為「史丹利·寇比力克不列顛電影傑出獎」[42]。2000年,他被追授英國電影學院[43]

電影

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Poster for Paths of Glory featuring Kirk Douglas as a soldier
光榮之路》(1957年)的海報
Film poster featuring young girl wearing sunglasses and sucking on a lollipop
蘿莉塔》(1962年)的海報
發條橙》(1971年)的海報
年份 片名 片名中文譯名 導演 編劇 製片 備註 引據
1952 Fear and Desire 恐懼和慾望英語Fear and Desire 寇比力克同時也是剪接師和攝影師 [9][44]
1955 Killer's Kiss 死之吻 原創故事 [45]
1956 The Killing 謀殺英語The Killing (film) [13]
1957 Paths of Glory 光榮之路 [46][47]
1960 Spartacus 風雲群英會 [48]
1962 Lolita 蘿莉塔 [49][50]
1964 Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb 密碼114 [51]
1968 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001太空漫遊 寇比力克兼任特效導演及設計師 [22][52]
[53][54]
1971 A Clockwork Orange 發條橙 [24][55]
1975 Barry Lyndon 亂世兒女 [56][57]
1980 The Shining 閃靈 [58]
1987 Full Metal Jacket 烈血焚城 [33]
1999 Eyes Wide Shut 大開眼戒 寇比力克去世後上映 [59][60]

紀實短片

年份 片名 片名中文譯名 導演 編劇 製片 引據
1951 Day of the Fight 搏鬥的日子英語Day of the Fight [61][62]
Flying Padre 飛行的牧師英語Flying Padre [63][64]
1952 World Assembly of Youth 《世界青年大會》 是? [65][66]
1953 The Seafarers 航海家英語The Seafarers [67]

其他

年份 片名 片名中文譯名 職責 引據
1977 The Spy Who Loved Me 007:海底城 未具名的燈光設計 [68]

電視劇

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1952年,聲音、特效和音樂製作導致《恐懼和慾望》的製作超出預算約53,000美元[69],寇比力克不得不向監製理查德·德·羅什蒙特英語Richard de Rochemont求助,條件是寇比力克在德·羅什蒙特製作的一部關於亞伯拉罕·林肯的五集傳記系列片中擔任副導演[70][71]。該片由占士·艾吉編劇,諾曼·勞埃德英語Norman Lloyd聯合執導[72][73],在肯塔基州霍金維爾實地取景[74][75],主演為羅亞爾·丹諾英語Royal Dano喬安妮·伍德沃德[66][76][74]

評價

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Table featuring the critical reception of films directed by Stanley Kubrick
年份 片名 片名中文譯名 爛番茄[77] Metacritic[78]
1953 Fear and Desire 恐懼和慾望英語Fear and Desire 75%(16則評論) 不適用
1955 Killer's Kiss 死之吻 86%(21則評論) 不適用
1956 The Killing 謀殺英語The Killing (film) 98%(41則評論) 91(15則評論)
1957 Paths of Glory 光榮之路 95%(60則評論) 90(18則評論)
1960 Spartacus 風雲群英會 93%(61則評論) 87(17則評論)
1962 Lolita 蘿莉塔 91%(43則評論) 79(14則評論)
1964 Dr. Strangelove 密碼114 98%(91則評論) 97(32則評論)
1968 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001太空漫遊 92%(113則評論) 84(25則評論)
1971 A Clockwork Orange 發條橙 86%(71則評論) 77(21則評論)
1975 Barry Lyndon 亂世兒女 91%(74則評論) 89(21則評論)
1980 The Shining 閃靈 84%(95則評論) 66(26則評論)
1987 Full Metal Jacket 烈血焚城 92%(83則評論) 76(19則評論)
1999 Eyes Wide Shut 大開眼戒 75%(158則評論) 68(34則評論)

註釋

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  1. ^ 譯名參考自《寇比力克的電影》[6]
  2. ^ 譯名參考自《寇比力克的電影》[7]
  3. ^ 譯名參考自《寇比力克的電影》[7]
  4. ^ 譯名參考自《寇比力克的電影》[11]

參考來源

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  26. ^ Sims, David. The Alien Majesty of Kubrick's Barry Lyndon. The Atlantic. October 26, 2017 [January 7, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於January 7, 2021). 
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  30. ^ Marsh, Calum. The man behind the Razzies: 'Brian de Palma had no talent'. The Guardian. January 13, 2016 [January 7, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於November 8, 2020). 
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參考書目

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外部連結

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