史丹利·寇比力克作品列表
史丹利·寇比力克(1928-1999)[1]在其職業生涯中執導了十三部故事片和三部短紀錄片。他的導演作品橫跨多種類型[2],被認為具有極強的影響力[3][4][5]。
史丹利·寇比力克於1951年首次執導紀錄短片《搏鬥的日子》[a],同年晚些時候又執導了《飛行的牧師》[b]。1953年,他執導了首部故事片《恐懼和慾望》[c][8]。該片的反戰主題在他後來的電影中也曾多次出現[9][10]。接下來,他拍攝了兩部黑色電影,《死之吻》(1955年)和《謀殺》[d](1956年)[12][13]。影評人羅渣·艾伯特對《謀殺》大加讚賞,並稱其為寇比力克的「第一部成熟的故事片」[12]。寇比力克隨後執導了兩部由卻·德格拉斯主演的荷里活電影:《光榮之路》(1957年)以及《風雲群英會》(1960年)[14][15]。後者贏得了金球獎最佳劇情類影片獎[16]。接下來他執導了由弗拉基米爾·納博科夫同名小說改編的電影《蘿莉塔》(1962年)[17],該片獲得奧斯卡最佳改編劇本獎提名[18]。1964年,希治閣執導了冷戰諷刺電影《密碼114》,由彼得·塞勒斯和喬治·C·史葛主演[19],該片獲得了英國電影學院獎最佳影片獎[20]。
1968年,寇比力克執導了太空史詩電影《2001:太空漫遊》。現如今,這部電影被廣泛認為是有史以來最具影響力的電影之一[21]。寇比力克憑藉其在這部電影鍾特效導演方面的出色表現,獲得了他個人唯一的一個奧斯卡獎[22]。他接下來的一部作品是反烏托邦電影《發條橙》(1971年),該片根據安東尼·伯吉斯1962年發表的同名中篇小說改編而成,上映時被評為限制級電影[23][24][25]。由於影片中描繪的「極端暴力」行為引發了現實中的犯罪案件,寇比力克要求在英國停止發行該片[24]。接着,寇比力克執導了歷史題材類電影《亂世兒女》(1975年),這是他自前兩部未來題材影片之後的轉型之作[26]。該片的商業表現不佳,評價也褒貶不一,但在第48屆奧斯卡金像獎上獲得了四個獎項[27][28]。1980年,寇比力克將史蒂芬·金的小說改編成了電影《閃靈》,由積·尼高遜和雪莉·杜瓦爾主演[29]。儘管寇比力克因本片獲得了金草莓獎最差導演提名[30],但《閃靈》如今被普遍認為是有史以來最偉大的恐怖電影之一[29][31][32]。七年後,寇比力克推出了以越南戰爭為題材的電影《烈血焚城》[33]。這部電影在爛番茄和Metacritic上是寇比力克後期電影中評分最高的作品。20世紀90年代初,寇比力克放棄了執導大屠殺電影《雅利安文件》的計劃。在計劃開展的初期,他曾猶豫是否要與史提芬·史匹堡執導的電影《舒特拉的名單》相競爭,但在深入參與該項目後變得「非常沮喪」以至於最終放棄[2][34]。他人生中的最後一部電影是情色驚慄片《大開眼戒》,由湯·告魯斯和妮歌·潔曼主演,這部影片在他去世後才上映[35]。寇比力克另有一部稱之為《匹諾曹》的未完成電影項目,由史提芬·史匹堡於2001年製作完成,這就是影片《A.I.人工智能》[36][37]。
1997年,威尼斯影展授予寇比力克「終身成就金獅獎」[38]。同年,他獲得了美國導演協會終身成就獎,當時稱為D·W·格里菲斯終身成就獎[39][40]。1999年,英國電影和電視藝術學院向寇比力克頒發了大不列顛獎[41]。他去世後,英國電影學院獎為了紀念他,將該獎項重新命名為「史丹利·寇比力克不列顛電影傑出獎」[42]。2000年,他被追授英國電影學院獎[43]。
電影
[編輯]年份 | 片名 | 片名中文譯名 | 導演 | 編劇 | 製片 | 備註 | 引據 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1952 | Fear and Desire | 《恐懼和慾望》 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 寇比力克同時也是剪接師和攝影師 | [9][44] |
1955 | Killer's Kiss | 《死之吻》 | 是 | 原創故事 | 是 | [45] | |
1956 | The Killing | 《謀殺》 | 是 | 是 | 否 | [13] | |
1957 | Paths of Glory | 《光榮之路》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [46][47] | |
1960 | Spartacus | 《風雲群英會》 | 是 | 否 | 否 | [48] | |
1962 | Lolita | 《蘿莉塔》 | 是 | 否 | 否 | [49][50] | |
1964 | Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb | 《密碼114》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [51] | |
1968 | 2001: A Space Odyssey | 《2001太空漫遊》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 寇比力克兼任特效導演及設計師 | [22][52] [53][54] |
1971 | A Clockwork Orange | 《發條橙》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [24][55] | |
1975 | Barry Lyndon | 《亂世兒女》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [56][57] | |
1980 | The Shining | 《閃靈》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [58] | |
1987 | Full Metal Jacket | 《烈血焚城》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [33] | |
1999 | Eyes Wide Shut | 《大開眼戒》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 寇比力克去世後上映 | [59][60] |
紀實短片
年份 | 片名 | 片名中文譯名 | 導演 | 編劇 | 製片 | 引據 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1951 | Day of the Fight | 《搏鬥的日子》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [61][62] |
Flying Padre | 《飛行的牧師》 | 是 | 是 | 否 | [63][64] | |
1952 | World Assembly of Youth | 《世界青年大會》 | 是? | 否 | 否 | [65][66] |
1953 | The Seafarers | 《航海家》 | 是 | 否 | 是 | [67] |
其他
年份 | 片名 | 片名中文譯名 | 職責 | 引據 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1977 | The Spy Who Loved Me | 《007:海底城》 | 未具名的燈光設計 | [68] |
電視劇
[編輯]1952年,聲音、特效和音樂製作導致《恐懼和慾望》的製作超出預算約53,000美元[69],寇比力克不得不向監製理查德·德·羅什蒙特求助,條件是寇比力克在德·羅什蒙特製作的一部關於亞伯拉罕·林肯的五集傳記系列片中擔任副導演[70][71]。該片由占士·艾吉編劇,諾曼·勞埃德聯合執導[72][73],在肯塔基州霍金維爾實地取景[74][75],主演為羅亞爾·丹諾和喬安妮·伍德沃德[66][76][74]。
評價
[編輯]年份 | 片名 | 片名中文譯名 | 爛番茄[77] | Metacritic[78] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1953 | Fear and Desire | 《恐懼和慾望》 | 75%(16則評論) | 不適用 |
1955 | Killer's Kiss | 《死之吻》 | 86%(21則評論) | 不適用 |
1956 | The Killing | 《謀殺》 | 98%(41則評論) | 91(15則評論) |
1957 | Paths of Glory | 《光榮之路》 | 95%(60則評論) | 90(18則評論) |
1960 | Spartacus | 《風雲群英會》 | 93%(61則評論) | 87(17則評論) |
1962 | Lolita | 《蘿莉塔》 | 91%(43則評論) | 79(14則評論) |
1964 | Dr. Strangelove | 《密碼114》 | 98%(91則評論) | 97(32則評論) |
1968 | 2001: A Space Odyssey | 《2001太空漫遊》 | 92%(113則評論) | 84(25則評論) |
1971 | A Clockwork Orange | 《發條橙》 | 86%(71則評論) | 77(21則評論) |
1975 | Barry Lyndon | 《亂世兒女》 | 91%(74則評論) | 89(21則評論) |
1980 | The Shining | 《閃靈》 | 84%(95則評論) | 66(26則評論) |
1987 | Full Metal Jacket | 《烈血焚城》 | 92%(83則評論) | 76(19則評論) |
1999 | Eyes Wide Shut | 《大開眼戒》 | 75%(158則評論) | 68(34則評論) |
註釋
[編輯]參考來源
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參考書目
[編輯]- Baxter, John. Stanley Kubrick: A Biography. HarperCollins. 1997. ISBN 9780006384458.
- Duncan, Paul. Stanley Kubrick: The Complete Films. Taschen GmbH. 2003. ISBN 9783836527750.
- Hughes, David. The Complete Kubrick. Virgin Publishing. 2000. ISBN 0753504529.
- Kagan, Norman. The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2000. ISBN 0826412432.
- Naremore, James. On Kubrick. British Film Institute. 2007. ISBN 9781844571420.
- Sperb, Jason. The Kubrick Facade: Faces and Voices in the Films of Stanley Kubrick. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. 2006. ISBN 081085855X.
- (美)卡根(Kagan,N). 库布里克的电影. 由郝娟娣翻譯. 上海: 上海人民出版社. 2009. ISBN 9787208083165 (中文(中國大陸)).