史丹利·库柏力克作品列表
史丹利·库柏力克(1928-1999)[1]在其职业生涯中执导了十三部故事片和三部短纪录片。他的导演作品横跨多种类型[2],被认为具有极强的影响力[3][4][5]。
史丹利·库柏力克于1951年首次执导纪录短片《搏斗的日子》[a],同年晚些时候又执导了《飞行的牧师》[b]。1953年,他执导了首部故事片《恐惧和欲望》[c][8]。该片的反战主题在他后来的电影中也曾多次出现[9][10]。接下来,他拍摄了两部黑色电影,《杀手之吻》(1955年)和《谋杀》[d](1956年)[12][13]。影评人罗杰·艾伯特对《谋杀》大加赞赏,并称其为库柏力克的“第一部成熟的故事片”[12]。库柏力克随后执导了两部由寇克·道格拉斯主演的好莱坞电影:《光荣之路》(1957年)以及《斯巴达克斯》(1960年)[14][15]。后者赢得了金球奖最佳剧情类影片奖[16]。接下来他执导了由弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫同名小说改编的电影《洛丽塔》(1962年)[17],该片获得奥斯卡最佳改编剧本奖提名[18]。1964年,希治阁执导了冷战讽刺电影《奇爱博士》,由彼得·塞勒斯和乔治·C·斯科特主演[19],该片获得了英国电影学院奖最佳影片奖[20]。
1968年,库柏力克执导了太空史诗电影《2001:太空漫游》。现如今,这部电影被广泛认为是有史以来最具影响力的电影之一[21]。库柏力克凭借其在这部电影钟特效导演方面的出色表现,获得了他个人唯一的一个奥斯卡奖[22]。他接下来的一部作品是反乌托邦电影《发条橙》(1971年),该片根据安东尼·伯吉斯1962年发表的同名中篇小说改编而成,上映时被评为限制级电影[23][24][25]。由于影片中描绘的“极端暴力”行为引发了现实中的犯罪案件,库柏力克要求在英国停止发行该片[24]。接着,库柏力克执导了历史题材类电影《巴里·林登》(1975年),这是他自前两部未来题材影片之后的转型之作[26]。该片的商业表现不佳,评价也褒贬不一,但在第48届奥斯卡金像奖上获得了四个奖项[27][28]。1980年,库柏力克将史蒂芬·金的小说改编成了电影《闪灵》,由杰克·尼克逊和谢莉·杜瓦尔尔主演[29]。尽管库柏力克因本片获得了金酸莓奖最差导演提名[30],但《闪灵》如今被普遍认为是有史以来最伟大的恐怖电影之一[29][31][32]。七年后,库柏力克推出了以越南战争为题材的电影《全金属外壳》[33]。这部电影在烂番茄和Metacritic上是库柏力克后期电影中评分最高的作品。20世纪90年代初,库柏力克放弃了执导大屠杀电影《雅利安文件》的计划。在计划开展的初期,他曾犹豫是否要与史提芬·司匹堡执导的电影《辛德勒名单》相竞争,但在深入参与该项目后变得“非常沮丧”以至于最终放弃[2][34]。他人生中的最后一部电影是情色惊悚片《大开眼戒》,由汤姆·克鲁斯和妮可·基曼主演,这部影片在他去世后才上映[35]。库柏力克另有一部称之为《匹诺曹》的未完成电影项目,由史提芬·司匹堡于2001年制作完成,这就是影片《人工智能》[36][37]。
1997年,威尼斯影展授予库柏力克“终身成就金狮奖”[38]。同年,他获得了美国导演协会终身成就奖,当时称为D·W·格里菲斯终身成就奖[39][40]。1999年,英国电影和电视艺术学院向库柏力克颁发了大不列颠奖[41]。他去世后,英国电影学院奖为了纪念他,将该奖项重新命名为“史丹利·库柏力克不列颠电影杰出奖”[42]。2000年,他被追授英国电影学院奖[43]。
电影
[编辑]年份 | 片名 | 片名中文译名 | 导演 | 编剧 | 制片 | 备注 | 引据 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1952 | Fear and Desire | 《恐惧和欲望》 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 库柏力克同时也是剪辑师和摄影师 | [9][44] |
1955 | Killer's Kiss | 《杀手之吻》 | 是 | 原创故事 | 是 | [45] | |
1956 | The Killing | 《谋杀》 | 是 | 是 | 否 | [13] | |
1957 | Paths of Glory | 《光荣之路》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [46][47] | |
1960 | Spartacus | 《斯巴达克斯》 | 是 | 否 | 否 | [48] | |
1962 | Lolita | 《洛丽塔》 | 是 | 否 | 否 | [49][50] | |
1964 | Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb | 《奇爱博士》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [51] | |
1968 | 2001: A Space Odyssey | 《2001太空漫游》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 库柏力克兼任特效导演及设计师 | [22][52] [53][54] |
1971 | A Clockwork Orange | 《发条橙》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [24][55] | |
1975 | Barry Lyndon | 《巴里·林登》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [56][57] | |
1980 | The Shining | 《闪灵》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [58] | |
1987 | Full Metal Jacket | 《全金属外壳》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [33] | |
1999 | Eyes Wide Shut | 《大开眼戒》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 库柏力克去世后上映 | [59][60] |
纪实短片
年份 | 片名 | 片名中文译名 | 导演 | 编剧 | 制片 | 引据 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1951 | Day of the Fight | 《搏斗的日子》 | 是 | 是 | 是 | [61][62] |
Flying Padre | 《飞行的牧师》 | 是 | 是 | 否 | [63][64] | |
1952 | World Assembly of Youth | 《世界青年大会》 | 是? | 否 | 否 | [65][66] |
1953 | The Seafarers | 《航海家》 | 是 | 否 | 是 | [67] |
其他
年份 | 片名 | 片名中文译名 | 职责 | 引据 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1977 | The Spy Who Loved Me | 《007:海底城》 | 未具名的灯光设计 | [68] |
电视剧
[编辑]1952年,声音、特效和音乐制作导致《恐惧和欲望》的制作超出预算约53,000美元[69],库柏力克不得不向制片人理查德·德·罗什蒙特求助,条件是库柏力克在德·罗什蒙特制作的一部关于亚伯拉罕·林肯的五集传记系列片中担任副导演[70][71]。该片由占士·艾吉编剧,诺曼·劳埃德联合执导[72][73],在肯塔基州霍金维尔实地取景[74][75],主演为罗亚尔·丹诺和乔安妮·伍德沃德[66][76][74]。
评价
[编辑]年份 | 片名 | 片名中文译名 | 烂番茄[77] | Metacritic[78] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1953 | Fear and Desire | 《恐惧和欲望》 | 75%(16则评论) | 不适用 |
1955 | Killer's Kiss | 《杀手之吻》 | 86%(21则评论) | 不适用 |
1956 | The Killing | 《谋杀》 | 98%(41则评论) | 91(15则评论) |
1957 | Paths of Glory | 《光荣之路》 | 95%(60则评论) | 90(18则评论) |
1960 | Spartacus | 《斯巴达克斯》 | 93%(61则评论) | 87(17则评论) |
1962 | Lolita | 《洛丽塔》 | 91%(43则评论) | 79(14则评论) |
1964 | Dr. Strangelove | 《奇爱博士》 | 98%(91则评论) | 97(32则评论) |
1968 | 2001: A Space Odyssey | 《2001太空漫游》 | 92%(113则评论) | 84(25则评论) |
1971 | A Clockwork Orange | 《发条橙》 | 86%(71则评论) | 77(21则评论) |
1975 | Barry Lyndon | 《巴里·林登》 | 91%(74则评论) | 89(21则评论) |
1980 | The Shining | 《闪灵》 | 84%(95则评论) | 66(26则评论) |
1987 | Full Metal Jacket | 《全金属外壳》 | 92%(83则评论) | 76(19则评论) |
1999 | Eyes Wide Shut | 《大开眼戒》 | 75%(158则评论) | 68(34则评论) |
注释
[编辑]参考来源
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- ^ Marsh, Calum. The man behind the Razzies: 'Brian de Palma had no talent'. The Guardian. January 13, 2016 [January 7, 2021]. (原始内容存档于November 8, 2020).
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- ^ Brody, Richard. Archive Fever: Stanley Kubrick and "The Aryan Papers". The New Yorker. March 24, 2011 [January 7, 2021]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-05).
- ^ Turan, Kenneth. 'Eyes' That See Too Much. The Los Angeles Times. July 16, 1999 [January 7, 2021]. (原始内容存档于April 21, 2019).
- ^ Ebert, Roger. He just wanted to become a real boy. RogerEbert.com. July 7, 2011 [August 14, 2020]. (原始内容存档于May 17, 2019).
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- ^ Johnson, Ted. DGA gives Kubrick D.W. Griffith Award. Variety. February 2, 1997 [January 6, 2021]. (原始内容存档于January 6, 2021).
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- ^ Baxter 1997,第50页.
- ^ Omnibus. Television Academy Interviews. October 22, 2017 [August 29, 2023].
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- ^ King, Susan. UCLA honors the daring work of Norman Lloyd. Los Angeles Times. April 12, 2014 [2024-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-30).
- ^ Norman Lloyd. Television Academy Interviews. October 22, 2017 [August 29, 2023] (英语).
- ^ 74.0 74.1 Duncan 2003,第26-27页.
- ^ Stafford, Jeff. Fear and Desire 1953. A Strange Love of Tangled Writing: Stanley Kubrick's Films and Their Literary Sources. December 30, 2018 [August 29, 2023].
- ^ Hughes, William C. James Agee, Omnibus, and Mr. Lincoln: The Culture of Liberalism and the Challenge of Television, 1952-1953. Scarecrow Press. 2004. ISBN 9780810851757.
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参考书目
[编辑]- Baxter, John. Stanley Kubrick: A Biography. HarperCollins. 1997. ISBN 9780006384458.
- Duncan, Paul. Stanley Kubrick: The Complete Films. Taschen GmbH. 2003. ISBN 9783836527750.
- Hughes, David. The Complete Kubrick. Virgin Publishing. 2000. ISBN 0753504529.
- Kagan, Norman. The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2000. ISBN 0826412432.
- Naremore, James. On Kubrick. British Film Institute. 2007. ISBN 9781844571420.
- Sperb, Jason. The Kubrick Facade: Faces and Voices in the Films of Stanley Kubrick. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. 2006. ISBN 081085855X.
- (美)卡根(Kagan,N). 库布里克的电影. 由郝娟娣翻译. 上海: 上海人民出版社. 2009. ISBN 9787208083165 (中文(中国大陆)).