跳转到内容

2010年航天活动列表

本页使用了标题或全文手工转换
维基百科,自由的百科全书
2010年航天活动
2010年12月8日,龙飞船搭乘猎鹰9号火箭完成首飞
轨道发射
首次1月16日
末次12月29日
总计74
成功70
失败4
部分失败0
标识符70
火箭
处女航宇宙神5号501构型
宇宙神5号531构型
猎鹰9号1.0版本
GSLVMk. II型
米诺陶4号
退役德尔塔2号7420构型
闪电-M英语Molniya-M
宇宙3号M型
载人航天
轨道飞行次数7
载人航天人数合计31
2010年航天活动列表
← 2009
2011 →

2010年,全球航天活动中出现了许多重大事件。包括用于商业轨道运输服务英语Commercial Orbital Transportation ServicesSpaceX龙飞船的首次飞行,该飞船旨在为国际空间站运输补给,以及猎鹰9号米诺陶4号运载火箭的首飞。2010年6月,韩国进行了第二次罗老运载火箭的发射,该火箭在2009年首飞失败;然而,第二次尝试也失败了。宇宙3号M型运载火箭退役,于4月进行了其最后一次飞行;在9月进行了最后一次飞行后,闪电-M运载火箭英语Molniya-M也宣布退役。[1]

概述

[编辑]

2010年的全球首次亚轨道发射于1月10日23:00(UTC)进行,当时一枚黑雁IX探空火箭英语Black Brant (rocket)作为波音YAL-1机载雷射系统的目标发射。1月11日,中国进行了该国首次反弹道导弹试验,涉及两枚导弹。全球首次轨道发射于1月16日16:12(UTC)进行,当时长征三号丙运载火箭西昌卫星发射中心发射了北斗-G1导航卫星

2010年共进行了74次轨道发射,其中70次成功,4次失败。最后一次轨道发射是在12月29日,当时阿丽亚娜5号ECA构型从库鲁附近的圭亚那航天中心发射了Hispasat-1E和Koreasat 6号航天器。

深空探测

[编辑]

5月,日本使用H-IIA运载火箭发射发射了该国首个金星探测器“破晓”号。其目的是寻找金星上的闪电和火山。[2]尽管发射成功,但该航天器未能在12月进入环绕金星的轨道[3],最终它在5年后的2015年12月才成功进入金星轨道。第一艘可操作的太阳帆IKAROS”号与“破晓”号搭乘同一枚火箭升空。

日本的第一个小行星探测器“隼鸟”号于6月13日返回地球,此前它曾降落在小行星25143“丝川”上收集样本。[4]这也是世界上第一个成功从小行星采样返回的航天任务。[5]

10月1日10:59:57(UTC),中国成功发射嫦娥二号探测器,这是嫦娥工程的第二次任务。此次任务使用长征三号丙运载火箭西昌卫星发射中心发射。嫦娥二号的任务与之前的嫦娥一号类似,但重点是绘制潜在着陆点,为嫦娥三号无人月球着陆器做好准备。[6]

载人航天

[编辑]

2010年按计划进行了7次载人飞行任务,包括3次太空梭和4次联盟号飞船任务,用于国际空间站乘组人员轮换。STS-130使用奋进号,是本年度首次载人飞行,奋进号于2月8日发射,搭载宁静号节点舱穹顶舱前往国际空间站。4月5日,发现号执行STS-131任务,搭载“莱昂纳多”多功能后勤模块英语Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module(MPLM)为空间站提供补给。

4月2日,联盟TMA-18飞船将远征23英语Expedition 23乘组人员送往国际空间站;该飞船计划在空间站对接约6个月​​,以便乘组人员在紧急情况下撤离。此前不久,联盟TMA-16飞船脱离对接,将前一批国际空间站乘组人员送回地球。5月14日,美国太空梭 亚特兰蒂斯号发射升空,执行其倒数第二次飞行——STS-132任务,将晨曦号实验舱英语Rassvet (ISS module)送往国际空间站。6月15日,联盟TMA-19飞船搭载远征24英语Expedition 24乘组发射升空。10月8日,联盟TMA-01M飞船发射升空,这是现代化改造的联盟TMA飞船的首次飞行,搭载远征25英语Expedition 25乘组人员前往国际空间站。最后,在年底,远征26英语Expedition 26于12月15日搭乘联盟TMA-20飞船发射升空。

发射失败

[编辑]

2010年共发生了4起轨道发射失败事故。其中两起影响地球同步卫星运载火箭(GSLV),一起影响罗老运载火箭,另一起影响质子运载火箭。第一次失败发生在4月15日,当时是GSLV Mk.II型首次发射。火箭的第三级发生故障,导致火箭和GSAT-4卫星无法进入轨道并坠入大海。第二次失败发生在罗老运载火箭的第二次试飞期间,当时火箭搭载着STSAT-2B航天器。火箭在起飞137秒后爆炸。[7]

第三次故障发生在12月5日,当时搭载首个Blok DM-03上面级的质子-M运载火箭未能将三颗格洛纳斯-M卫星送入轨道。发射前,Blok DM的燃料加注错误,导致火箭太重而无法到达停泊轨道。[8]第四次故障发生在2010年12月25日,当时GSLV Mk.I型在GSAT-5P发射过程中爆炸。由于第一级的液体燃料助推器失控,火箭被发射场安全控制系统下令摧毁。[9]

轨道发射

[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译
发射时间 (UTC) 运载火箭 火箭编号 发射场 发射服务提供商英语List of launch service providers
有效载荷
(⚀ = 立方星)
载荷用户 轨道 功能 再入时间 (UTC) 结果
附注

January

[编辑]
16 January
16:12
中国 Long March 3C 中国 Xichang LC-2 中国 CNSA
中国 BeiDou-2 G1 (Beidou-3/Compass-G1) CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在轨 Operational
28 January
00:18
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 Khrunichev
俄罗斯 Raduga-1M №2 (Globus-1M №12L) VKS Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational

February

[编辑]
3 February
03:45
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Progress M-04M / 36P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 1 July
14:40
Successful
ISS flight 36P
8 February
09:14
美国 美国太空梭 奋进号 美国 Kennedy LC-39A 美国 United Space Alliance
美国 STS-130 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 22 February
03:22
Successful
联合国 Tranquility[10] NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 在轨 Operational
联合国 Cupola NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 在轨 Operational
Crewed flight with six astronauts.
11 February
15:23
美国 Atlas V 401 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 Solar Dynamics Observatory NASA Geosynchronous Heliophysics 在轨 Operational
12 February
00:39
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
联合国 Intelsat 16 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational

March

[编辑]
1 March
21:19
俄罗斯 Proton-M / DM-2 Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 Khrunichev
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2459
(Glonass-M 731)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2460
(Glonass-M 732)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2461
(Glonass-M 735)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
4 March
23:57
美国 Delta IV-M+ (4,2) 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 GOES-P (GOES-15) NOAA / NASA Geosynchronous Meteorology 在轨 Operational
Satellite redesignated EWS-G2 after being transferred to the U.S. Space Force in September 2023.[11]
5 March
04:55
中华人民共和国 Long March 4C 中华人民共和国 Jiuquan SLS-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 9A CNSA Low Earth (SSO) ELINT 在轨 Operational
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 9B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) ELINT 在轨 Operational
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 9C CNSA Low Earth (SSO) ELINT 在轨 Operational
First Long March 4 series launch from Jiuquan.
20 March
18:27
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
美国 Echostar XIV Echostar Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational

April

[编辑]
2 April
04:04
俄罗斯 Soyuz-FG 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Soyuz TMA-18 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 23 25 September
05:23
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.
5 April
10:21
美国 美国太空梭 发现号[12] 美国 Kennedy LC-39A 美国 United Space Alliance
美国 STS-131 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 20 April
13:08:35
Successful
意大利美国Leonardo MPLM ASI / NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics Successful
Crewed flight with seven astronauts.
8 April
13:57
乌克兰 Dnepr 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 109/95 俄罗斯 ISC Kosmotras
欧洲联盟 Cryosat-2[13] ESA Low Earth Climatology 在轨 Operational
15 April
10:57
印度 GSLV Mk II 印度 Satish Dhawan SLP 印度 ISRO
印度 GSAT-4 (HealthSat) ISRO Intended: Geosynchronous Communications
Navigation
15 April Launch failure
Maiden flight of GSLV Mk. II, third stage failure.
16 April
15:00[来源请求]
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 俄罗斯 Plesetsk Site 16/2 俄罗斯 VKS
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2462 (Yantar-4K2M №6/Kobalt-M №6) VKS Low Earth Reconnaissance 21 July Successful
22 April
23:52[14]
美国 Atlas V 501 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-212 (X-37B OTV-1)[14] U.S. Air Force Low Earth Technology demonstration 3 December
09:16
Successful
Maiden flight of Atlas V 501 and Boeing X-37B.
24 April
11:19
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
荷兰 SES-1 (OS-1) SES World Skies Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
27 April
01:05
俄罗斯 Kosmos-3M 俄罗斯 Plesetsk Site 132/1 俄罗斯 VKS
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2463 (Parus) VKS Low Earth Navigation
Communications
在轨 Operational
Final flight of Kosmos-3M.
28 April
17:15
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Progress M-05M / 37P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 15 November
09:35:39
Successful
ISS flight 37P

May

[编辑]
14 May
18:20
美国 美国太空梭 亚特兰蒂斯号[12] 美国 Kennedy LC-39A 美国 United Space Alliance
美国 STS-132 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 26 May
12:48:11
Successful
联合国 Rassvet (MRM-1) Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 在轨 Operational
Crewed flight with six astronauts. Rassvet was launched along with the MLM outfittings that included a spare elbow joint for the European Robotic Arm (ERA) (which was launched with Nauka) and an ERA-portable workpost used during EVAs, as well as a heat radiator, internal hardware and an experiment airlock for launching CubeSats to be positioned on the modified passive forward port near the nadir end of the Nauka module.[15]
20 May
21:58:22[18]
日本 H-IIA 202 日本 Tanegashima LA-Y1 日本 MHI
日本 Akatsuki (Planet-C) JAXA Intended: Cytherocentric
Actual: Heliocentric, corrected to Cytherocentric
Venus orbiter 在轨 Operational after partial spacecraft failure
日本 IKAROS JAXA Heliocentric Solar sail 在轨 Successful
日本 Waseda-SAT2 Waseda Low Earth Earth observation 15 August[19] Spacecraft failure[16][20]
日本 Hayato (K-Sat)[21] Kagoshima Low Earth Earth observation 28 June[22] – 14[23] July Partial spacecraft failure
日本 Negai☆'' Soka Low Earth Technology demonstration 26 June[24] Successful
日本 Shin'en (UNITEC-1)[25] UNISEC Heliocentric Technology demonstration 在轨 Spacecraft failure[16][26]
日本 DCAM-1 JAXA Heliocentric Technology demonstration 在轨 Successful
日本 DCAM-2 JAXA Heliocentric Technology demonstration 在轨 Successful
Waseda-SAT2 never contacted ground, Hayato affected by communications problems, contact lost with Shin'en on 21 May, unclear if data has been received since.[16] DCAM spacecraft deployed from IKAROS and used to observe deployment of the solar sail.[17] Akatsuki malfunctioned during Cytherocentric orbit insertion, and failed to enter orbit. It managed to orbit around Venus five years later.
21 May
22:01
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法国 Kourou ELA-3 法国 Arianespace
卢森堡 Astra 3B SES Astra Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
德国 COMSATBw-2 Bundeswehr Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
28 May
03:00
美国 Delta IV-M+ (4,2) 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-213 (GPS IIF SV-1) U.S. Air Force Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational

June

[编辑]
2 June
01:59
俄罗斯 Rokot / Briz-KM[27] 俄罗斯 Plesetsk Site 133/3 欧洲联盟 俄罗斯 Eurockot[28]
日本 SERVIS-2 USEF Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
2 June
15:53:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 3C 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Compass-G3 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在轨 Operational
3 June
22:00:08
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
沙特阿拉伯 Badr-5 ARABSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
4 June
18:45[31]
美国 Falcon 9 v1.0[32][33][34] 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美国 SpaceX[35]
美国 DSQU SpaceX Low Earth Boilerplate 27 June
00:50[36]
Successful
Maiden flight of Falcon 9.[29][30]
10 June
08:01[37]
俄罗斯 大韩民国 Naro-1 大韩民国 Naro LC-1[38] 俄罗斯 大韩民国 Khrunichev / KARI
大韩民国 STSAT-2B KARI Intended: Low Earth Technology demonstration +137 seconds Launch failure
Exploded during first stage burn.[7]
15 June
01:39[39]
中华人民共和国 Long March 2D 中华人民共和国 Jiuquan SLS-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Shijian 12[40] CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
15 June
14:42
乌克兰 Dnepr[41] 俄罗斯 Dombarovsky Site 13 俄罗斯 ISC Kosmotras
瑞典 Prisma-Mango SSC Low Earth (SSO)[42] Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
瑞典 Prisma-Tango SSC Low Earth (SSO)[42] Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
法国 Picard CNES Low Earth (SSO)[42] Helioseismology 在轨 Operational
乌克兰 BPA-1 Hartron-Arkos Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
BPA-1 intentionally remained attached to upper stage.
15 June
21:35
俄罗斯 Soyuz-FG 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Soyuz TMA-19 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 24 26 November
04:46:53
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts
21 June
02:14
乌克兰 Dnepr 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 109/95 俄罗斯 ISC Kosmotras
德国 TanDEM-X DLR Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
22 June
19:00
以色列 Shavit-2 以色列 Palmachim 以色列 Israel Aerospace Industries
以色列 Ofek-9[44] IAI / Israeli Defense Forces Low Earth (retrograde) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational[45]
Known as Ofek-8 before launch.[43]
26 June
21:41
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA[46] 法国 Kourou ELA-3 法国 Arianespace
沙特阿拉伯 ArabSat-5A ARABSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
大韩民国 Chollian (COMS-1) KARI Geosynchronous[47] Communications
Meteorology
Oceanography
在轨 Successful[48]
30 June
15:35
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Progress M-06M / 38P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 6 September
12:53:20
Successful
ISS flight 38P

July

[编辑]
10 July
18:40
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
美国 EchoStar XV Echostar Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
12 July[49]
03:53
印度 PSLV-CA 印度 Satish Dhawan FLP 印度 ISRO
印度 Cartosat-2B ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
阿尔及利亚 AlSat-2A ASAL Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
印度 StudSat StudSat Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
挪威 AISSat-1 NDRE Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
瑞士 TIsat-1 SUPSI Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
AISSat and TIsat cubeSats to be launched as NLS-6, coordinated by UTIAS
31 July
21:30
中华人民共和国 Long March 3A 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-3 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Compass IGSO-1 CNSA IGSO Navigation 在轨 Operational

August

[编辑]
4 August
20:59
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法国 Kourou ELA-3 法国 Arianespace
埃及 Nilesat-201 Nilesat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
毛里求斯 RASCOM-QAF 1R RASCOM-QAF Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
9 August
22:49[50]
中华人民共和国 Long March 4C 中华人民共和国 Taiyuan LC-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 10 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
14 August
11:07
美国 Atlas V 531 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-214 (AEHF-1) U.S. Air Force Intended: Geosynchronous
Actual: GTO
Communications 在轨 Partial spacecraft failure[51]
Operational
Maiden flight of Atlas V 531; liquid apogee engine failed to operate during orbital insertion process.[51]
24 August
07:10
中华人民共和国 Long March 2D 中华人民共和国 Jiuquan SLS-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Tian Hui 1 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational

September

[编辑]
2 September
00:53:43
俄罗斯 Proton-M / DM-2 Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2464
(Glonass-M 736)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2465
(Glonass-M 737)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2466
(Glonass-M 738)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
4 September
16:14
中华人民共和国 Long March 3B 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Chinasat-6A Sinosat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
8 September
03:30
俄罗斯 Rokot / Briz-KM 俄罗斯 Plesetsk Site 133/3 俄罗斯 RVSN RF
俄罗斯 Gonets-M No.2 Gonets Satellite System[52] Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2467 (Strela-3) VKS Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2468 (Strela-3) VKS Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
10 September
10:22
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Progress M-07M / 39P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 20 February 2011
16:12
Successful
ISS flight 39P
11 September[53]
11:17
日本 H-IIA 202[54] 日本 Tanegashima LA-Y1 日本 MHI
日本 QZSS-1 (Michibiki) JAXA Tundra Navigation 在轨 Successful[55]
21 September
04:03:30
美国 Atlas V 501 美国 Vandenberg SLC-3E 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-215 NRO Low Earth (retrograde) 在轨 Operational
NRO Launch 41
22 September
02:42[56]
中华人民共和国 Long March 2D 中华人民共和国 Jiuquan SLS-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 11 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
中华人民共和国 Zheda Pixing 1B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
中华人民共和国 Zheda Pixing 1C CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
26 September
04:41
美国 Minotaur IV 美国 Vandenberg SLC-8 美国 Orbital Sciences
美国 USA-216 (SBSS) U.S. Air Force Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration
Space surveillance
在轨 Operational
First orbital launch of Minotaur IV.
30 September[57]
17:01[1]
俄罗斯 Molniya-M / 2BL 俄罗斯 Plesetsk Site 16/2 俄罗斯 RVSN RF
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2469 (Oko) VKS Molniya Missile defense 15 October 2022[58] Successful
Final flight of Molniya-M.[1]

October

[编辑]
1 October
10:59:57[59]
中华人民共和国 Long March 3C 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Chang'e 2 CNSA Selenocentric[60] Lunar orbiter 在轨 Operational
6 October
00:49
中华人民共和国 Long March 4B 中华人民共和国 Taiyuan LC-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Shijian 6-04A CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
中华人民共和国 Shijian 6-04B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
7 October
23:10:57
俄罗斯 Soyuz-FG 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Soyuz TMA-01M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 25 16 March 2011
07:54
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts, maiden flight of modernised Soyuz-TMA spacecraft.
14 October
18:53[61]
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
美国 XM-5 XM Satellite Radio Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
19 October
17:10:59
俄罗斯 Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 欧洲联盟 俄罗斯 Starsem
美国 Globalstar-2 #1 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
美国 Globalstar-2 #2 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
美国 Globalstar-2 #3 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
美国 Globalstar-2 #4 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
美国 Globalstar-2 #5 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
美国 Globalstar-2 #6 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
27 October
15:11:53
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Progress M-08M / 40P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 24 January 2011 Successful[62]
ISS flight 40P.
28 October[64]
21:51
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法国 Kourou ELA-3 法国 Arianespace
法国 Eutelsat W3B Eutelsat Intended: Geosynchronous
Actual: GTO
Communications 在轨 Spacecraft failure[65]
日本 BSAT-3b[66] BSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[67]
Eutelsat W3B written-off as a total loss immediately after launch due to an oxidizer leak in the satellite's main propulsion system.[63]
31 October
16:26
中华人民共和国 Long March 3C 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Compass-G4 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在轨 Operational

November

[编辑]
2 November
00:59[68]
俄罗斯 Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat 俄罗斯 Plesetsk Site 43/4 俄罗斯 RVSN RF
俄罗斯 Meridian 3 VKS Molniya Communications 在轨 Operational
4 November
18:37[69]
中华人民共和国 Long March 4C 中华人民共和国 Taiyuan LC-2 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Fengyun 3B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology 在轨 Operational
6 November
02:20
美国 Delta II 7420-10 美国 Vandenberg SLC-2W 美国 United Launch Alliance
意大利 COSMO-4 ASI Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
Final flight of Delta II 7420.[70]
14 November
17:29
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
美国 SkyTerra-1 SkyTerra Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[71]
20 November
01:25
美国 Minotaur IV / HAPS 美国 Kodiak LP-1 美国 Orbital Sciences
美国 STPSat-2 STP Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 O/OREOS NASA AMES Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 RAX University of Michigan Low Earth Auroral 在轨 Operational
美国 FASTSAT NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Partial spacecraft failure
美国 NanoSail-D2 NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration 17 September 2011[72] Successful
美国 Sara-Lily (FASTRAC 1) Texas Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 Emma (FASTRAC 2) UT Austin Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 USA-221 / FalconSat-5 USAFA Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
Maiden flight of Minotaur IV/HAPS. NanoSail-D2 should have been deployed from FASTSAT seven days after launch, immediate deployment failed but ejection was confirmed almost two months later on 19 January 2011
21 November
22:58[73]
美国 Delta IV Heavy 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-223 / Orion 7 NRO Geosynchronous Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
NROL-32 mission.
24 November
16:09[74]
中华人民共和国 Long March 3A 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-3 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Chinasat 20A CNSA Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
26 November
18:39
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法国 Kourou ELA-3 法国 Arianespace
联合国 Intelsat 17 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
英国 HYLAS-1[75] Avanti[76] Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
40th consecutive Ariane 5 launch success.

December

[编辑]
5 December
10:25
俄罗斯 Proton-M / DM-03 Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Glonass-M 739 VKS Intended: Medium Earth Navigation 5 December Launch failure
俄罗斯 Glonass-M 740 VKS Intended: Medium Earth Navigation
俄罗斯 Glonass-M 741 VKS Intended: Medium Earth Navigation
Maiden flight of Blok DM-03. Incorrect fuelling of upper stage led to mass being too great to achieve parking orbit, reentered over the Pacific Ocean.[8]
8 December
15:43
美国 Falcon 9 v1.0 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美国 SpaceX
美国 Dragon C1 SpaceX / NASA Low Earth Flight test 8 December
19:02
Successful
美国 SMDC-ONE 1 U.S. Army Low Earth Communications 12 January 2011 Successful
美国 Mayflower-Caerus Northrop Grumman / USC Low Earth Technology demonstration 22 December Successful
美国 QbX-1 NRO Low Earth Technology demonstration 6 January 2011 Successful
美国 QbX-2 NRO Low Earth Technology demonstration 16 January 2011 Successful
美国 Perseus 000 LANL Low Earth Technology demonstration 30 December Successful
美国 Perseus 001 LANL Low Earth Technology demonstration 31 December Successful
美国 Perseus 002 LANL Low Earth Technology demonstration 30 December Successful
美国 Perseus 003 LANL Low Earth Technology demonstration 31 December Successful
COTS Demo 1; maiden flight of the SpaceX Dragon; Mayflower included Caerus payload operated by USC.
15 December
19:09[77]
俄罗斯 Soyuz-FG 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Soyuz TMA-20 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 26 24 May 2011
02:27
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.
17 December
20:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 3A 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-3 中华人民共和国 CNSA
中华人民共和国 Compass IGSO-2 CNSA IGSO Navigation 在轨 Operational
25 December
10:34
印度 GSLV Mk.I 印度 Satish Dhawan SLP 印度 ISRO
印度 GSAT-5P ISRO Intended: Geosynchronous Communications 25 December Launch failure
Disintegrated during first stage flight.
26 December
22:51
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
法国 KA-SAT Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
29 December
21:27
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法国 Kourou ELA-3 法国 Arianespace
西班牙 Hispasat-1E Hispasat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
大韩民国 Koreasat 6[78][79] Koreasat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational

亚轨道发射

[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译
发射时间 (UTC) 运载火箭 火箭编号 发射场 发射服务提供商英语List of launch service providers
有效载荷
(⚀ = 立方星)
载荷用户 轨道 功能 再入时间 (UTC) 结果
附注
10 January
23:00:00[80]
加拿大 Black Brant IX 美国 San Nicolas 美国 NASA
美国 MARTI U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 10 January Successful
11 January
11:55[81]
中华人民共和国CSS-X-11 中华人民共和国Shuangchengzi Space and Missile Center 中华人民共和国 PLA
PLA Suborbital ABM target 11 January Successful
Target
11 January
12:00
中华人民共和国 SC-19 中华人民共和国 Korla Missile Test Complex 中华人民共和国 PLA
PLA Suborbital ABM test 11 January Successful[82]
Interceptor
14 January
06:50[84]
印度 RH-300 Mk.II 印度 TERLS 印度 ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 14 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
14 January
07:35[84]
印度RH-300 Mk. II 印度TERLS 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 14 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
14 January[84]
07:45
印度 RH-560 Mk.II 印度 Satish Dhawan 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 14 January Successful
Apogee: 548 km(341 mi)[83]
15 January
06:50[84]
印度RH-300 Mk. II 印度TERLS 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 15 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
15 January
07:35[84]
印度RH-300 Mk. II 印度TERLS 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 15 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
15 January
10:30[84]
印度RH-300 Mk. II 印度TERLS 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 15 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
15 January[84]
07:45
印度RH-560 Mk. II 印度Satish Dhawan 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 15 January Successful
Apogee: 523 km(325 mi)[83]
27 January
08:25[81]
法国 M51 法国 Le Terrible, Audierne Bay 法国 DGA
DGA Suborbital Missile test 27 January Successful
First launch of M51 from a submarine[85]
31 January
11:40[86]
美国 UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2) FTG-06 马绍尔群岛 Meck 美国 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 30 January Successful[86]
Maiden flight of Trident I in LV-2 configuration, interceptor failed[86]
31 January 美国 Ground Based Interceptor FTG-06 美国 Vandenberg LF-23 美国MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM test 30 January Spacecraft failure[86]
Radar tracking problem caused by unexpected "chuffing", compounded by thruster problem on interceptor, resulted in failure to intercept Trident[86]
3 February 伊朗 Kavoshgar (Naze'at-based) 伊朗 Semnan Space Center 伊朗 ISA
伊朗 Kavoshgar-3 ISA Suborbital Biological 3 February Successful[87]
4 February
08:03:07
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国San Nicolas 美国NASA
美国MARTI U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 4 February Successful[80]
7 February
05:20
印度 Agni-III 印度 ITR IC-4 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 7 February Successful[88]
Travelled 3,500 km(2,175 mi) downrange
9 February
09:01:00
美国 Terrier-Orion 美国 Poker Flat 美国NASA
Alaska Suborbital Auroral 9 February Successful[80]
12 February
04:44[89]
俄罗斯 R-17 Elbrus 美国 Ship, Pacific Ocean 美国 U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 12 February Successful[89]
Destroyed by Boeing YAL-1 aircraft
12 February
05:31:20
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国San Nicolas 美国NASA
美国MARTI U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 12 February Successful[80]
15 February
09:49:11
加拿大Black Brant XII 美国Poker Flat 美国NASA
Dartmouth Suborbital Auroral 15 February Successful[80]
Apogee: 803 km(499 mi)[83]
17 February 美国 Juno 美国 Fort Wingate LC-96 美国US Army
US Army Suborbital Target 17 February Successful
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successful intercept
4 March
04:50
俄罗斯 R-29RMU Sineva 俄罗斯 K-114 Tula, Barents Sea 俄罗斯 VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 4 March Successful
15 March 印度 Prithvi 印度ITR IC-4 印度DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 15 March Launch failure
Target for ABM test, deviated from planned course, interceptor not launched[90]
22 March 美国 Terrier Mk.70-Orion 澳大利亚 Woomera LA-2 澳大利亚 美国 DSTO/U.S. Air Force
澳大利亚 美国 HIFiRE-1 DSTO/U.S. Air Force Suborbital Technology demonstration 22 March Successful
Hypersonic research experiment
26 March
13:43
美国/欧洲联盟 Maxus 瑞典 Esrange 欧洲联盟 EuroLaunch
瑞典 欧洲联盟 MAXUS-8 SSC / ESA Suborbital Microgravity 26 March
13:55
Successful[91]
Apogee: 700 km(435 mi)[83]
27 March
00:14[83]
印度 Dhanush[92] 印度 INS Subhadra Indian Ocean 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 27 March Successful
27 March
00:18[83]
印度 Prithvi II[92] 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-3 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 27 March Successful
27 March
14:09:56[93]
美国 Terrier-Improved Malemute 美国 Wallops Island LA-1/50K 美国NASA
NASA Suborbital Test flight 27 March Successful
美国 SOCEM CalPoly Suborbital Technology demonstration 27 March Successful
美国 ADAMASat Kentucky Space Suborbital Technology demonstration 27 March Successful
Maiden flight of Terrier-Improved Malemute, apogee: 270 km(168 mi)[83]
27 March
19:37[83]
印度 Agni I[94] 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-4 印度Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 28 March Successful
22 April
23:00[14]
美国 Minotaur IV Lite 美国 Vandenberg SLC-8 美国 Orbital Sciences
美国 HTV-2a U.S. Air Force Suborbital Technology demonstration 22 April Spacecraft failure[95]
Maiden flight of Minotaur IV, loss of contact with HTV nine minutes after launch.[95]
3 May
09:47:00
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国San Nicolas 美国NASA
美国MARTI U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 3 May Successful
3 May
18:32:00
加拿大Black Brant IX[97] 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 EVE CU Boulder Suborbital Geospace/Solar 3 May Successful
Used to calibrate the Solar Dynamics Observatory[96]
4 May
12:41:02[99]
美国 SpaceLoft XL 美国 Spaceport America 美国 UP Aerospace
美国 RocketSat CSG Suborbital Technology demonstration 4 May Successful
NMSU Suborbital Technology demonstration Successful
UNM Suborbital Technology demonstration Successful
美国 Pioneer Celestis Suborbital Space burial Successful
Reached an apogee of 113 km(70 mi), successfully recovered.[98]
6 May
03:50[100][101]
台湾地区 Taiwan Sounding Rocket Sounding Rocket VII 台湾地区 Jiu Peng Air Base 台湾地区 NSPO
台湾地区 Ion probe NSPO/NCU Suborbital Ionospheric research 6 May Successful
Apogee: 289 km(180 mi)[100]
8 May 巴基斯坦 Ghaznavi 巴基斯坦 Sonmiani 巴基斯坦 ASFC
ASFC Suborbital Missile test 8 May Successful
8 May 巴基斯坦 Shaheen-I 巴基斯坦Sonmiani 巴基斯坦ASFC
ASFC Suborbital Missile test 8 May Successful
17 May
11:29
印度 Agni-II 印度 ITR IC-3 印度 Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 17 May Successful
Travelled 2,500 km(1,553 mi) downrange
21 May
09:00:00
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 DICE CU Boulder Suborbital Astronomy 21 May Spacecraft failure[80]
6 June
22:25[83]
美国Ground Based Interceptor 美国 Vandenberg LF-24 美国MDA
MDA Suborbital Test flight 6 June Successful
Two stage test vehicle, non-intercept test
8 June 美国 UGM-133 Trident II D5 美国 “Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美国 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 8 June Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42
8 June 美国UGM-133 Trident II D5 美国 “Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美国US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 8 June Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42
9 June 美国UGM-133 Trident II D5 美国 “Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美国US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 9 June Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43
9 June 美国UGM-133 Trident II D5 美国 “Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美国US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 9 June Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43
16 June
10:01
美国 LGM-30G Minuteman III 美国 Vandenberg LF-10 美国U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Missile test 16 June Successful
Travelled 6,743 km(4,190 mi) to Kwajalein Atoll
24 June
11:17:00
美国Terrier-Orion 美国Wallops Island LA-2/MRL 美国NASA
美国 RockOn! Colorado Suborbital Student research 24 June Successful
30 June
10:40:01[83]
美国LGM-30G Minuteman III 美国 Vandenberg LF-04 美国U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Missile test 30 June Successful
10 July
11:32[102]
法国M51 法国Le Terrible, Audierne Bay 法国DGA/Marine nationale
DGA/Marine nationale Suborbital Test flight 10 July Successful
11 July 加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 CIBER Caltech[103] Suborbital Astronomy 11 July Successful
27 July 印度 Prithvi 印度ITR IC-4 印度DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 27 July Successful
Target for ABM test, intercepted successfully by AAD
30 July
18:18
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 SUMI NASA Suborbital Solar 30 July Successful
4 August
09:15
加拿大Black Brant X 美国Wallops Island LA-1/50K 美国NASA
NASA Suborbital Test flight
Technology
4 August Successful
Tests of Nihka rocket motor, with secondary technology experiments
6 August[104] 俄罗斯R-29RMU Sineva 俄罗斯K-114 Tula, Barents Sea 俄罗斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 6 August Successful
6 August[104] 俄罗斯R-29RMU Sineva 俄罗斯K-114 Tula, Barents Sea 俄罗斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 6 August Successful
23 August
17:57
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国RAISE SwRI Suborbital Solar 23 August Successful
30 August
20:00[106]
日本 S-520 日本 Uchinoura 日本JAXA
JAXA/TMU/Kagawa
/Shizuoka
Suborbital Technology demonstration 30 August Partial spacecraft failure[105]
High-voltage control experiments not conducted as planned[105]
17 September
10:03
美国LGM-30G Minuteman III 美国 Vandenberg LF-09 美国U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Test flight 17 September Successful
21 September
13:07:30[107]
美国Terrier-Orion 美国Wallops Island LA-2/MRL 美国NASA
美国 SubTec-III NASA Suborbital Technology demonstration 21 September
13:23[107]
Successful[107]
6 October 美国 ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole)? 美国Kauai 美国MDA
MDA Suborbital Aegis radar target 6 October Successful
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites
6 October 美国 ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole)? 美国Kauai 美国MDA
MDA Suborbital Aegis radar target 6 October Successful
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites
7 October[来源请求]
03:10
俄罗斯 RSM-56 Bulava 俄罗斯 TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea 俄罗斯 VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 7 October Successful
21 October[108]
17:00
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国San Nicolas 美国NASA
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 21 October Successful
27 October
10:15[109]
美国 Nike Orion 瑞典Esrange 欧洲联盟EuroLaunch
德国 MAPHEUS-2 DLR Suborbital Technology demonstration 27 October Successful
Apogee: 153 km(95 mi)
28 October[来源请求]
09:59
俄罗斯 RS-12M Topol 俄罗斯 Plesetsk 俄罗斯 RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 28 October Successful
28 October
10:30[来源请求]
俄罗斯R-29RMU Sineva 俄罗斯 K-117 Bryansk, Barents Sea 俄罗斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 28 October Successful
28 October
10:30[来源请求]
俄罗斯 R-29R Volna 俄罗斯 K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk 俄罗斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 28 October Successful
29 October[来源请求]
01:10
俄罗斯RSM-56 Bulava 俄罗斯TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea 俄罗斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 29 October Successful
29 October
03:06
JFTM-4 美国Kauai 美国MDA
JMSDF/MDA Suborbital ABM target 29 October Successful
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted by SM-3
29 October
03:09
美国RIM-161 SM-3 JFTM-4 日本 JDS Kirishima, Pacific Ocean 日本JMSDF
JMSDF Suborbital ABM test 29 October Successful
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted target
25 November
04:40
印度 Agni I 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-4 印度Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 25 November Successful
4 December
04:21[110]
美国Nike-Improved Orion 挪威Andøya 挪威Andøya
挪威 德国 ECOMA 2010-1 Andøya/DLR Suborbital Aeronomy 4 December Successful
5 December
19:11
俄罗斯RS-12M Topol 俄罗斯 Kapustin Yar 俄罗斯RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 5 December Successful
6 December
16:45
加拿大Terrier-Orion 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 TRaiNED NASA Suborbital Technology demonstration 6 December Successful
6 December
17:19
巴西 Improved Orion 巴西 Alcântara 巴西 AEB
巴西Maracati 2 INPE Suborbital Microgravity 6 December Successful
Test for Operation Maracati 2[111]
10 December 印度 Agni-II Plus 印度 ITR IC-3 印度 Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 10 December Launch failure
Upgraded Agni II version, fell into the sea shortly after launch
12 December
06:38[112]
加拿大Black Brant XII 挪威 Andøya 美国NASA
美国 RENU 1 New Hampshire Suborbital Geospace 12 December Launch failure[113]
12 December
12:35
巴西 VSB-30 巴西 Alcântara 巴西 AEB
巴西Maracati 2 INPE Suborbital Microgravity 12 December
12:51
Successful
Operation Maracati 2, MICROG 1A payload[114]
13 December
03:24
美国Nike-Improved Orion 挪威Andøya 挪威Andøya
挪威 德国 ECOMA 2010-2 Andøya/DLR Suborbital Aeronomy 13 December Successful
15 December 美国 UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2) FTG-06a 马绍尔群岛 Meck 美国 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 15 December Successful
15 December 美国 Ground Based Interceptor FTG-06a 美国 Vandenberg LF-23 美国MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM test 15 December Spacecraft failure
Interceptor failed, the cause is under investigation
19 December
02:36
美国Nike-Improved Orion 挪威Andøya 挪威Andøya
挪威 德国 ECOMA 2010-3 Andøya/DLR Suborbital Aeronomy 19 December Successful
21 December 巴基斯坦 Ghauri 巴基斯坦 Tilla 巴基斯坦Army of Pakistan
巴基斯坦 Haft-5 Army of Pakistan Suborbital Missile test 21 December Successful
Apogee: 100 km(62 mi)
22 December 印度 Prithvi II[92] 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-3 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 22 December Successful
22 December 印度 Prithvi II[92] 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-3 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 22 December Successful

深空机动

[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译
日期 (UTC) 航天器 事件 备注
12 January Cassini 65th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,073 km(667 mi)
28 January Cassini 66th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 7,490 km(4,654 mi)
31 January Artemis P1 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 11,992 km(7,451 mi) at 08:13 UTC[115]
1 February Artemis P2 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 69,222 km(43,013 mi) at 14:44 UTC[115]
13 February Artemis P1 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 2,958 km(1,838 mi) at 10:06 UTC[115]
13 February Cassini Flyby of Mimas Closest approach: 9,520 km(5,915 mi)
16 February Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 991 km(616 mi)
22 February Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 574 km(357 mi)
25 February Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 398 km(247 mi)
28 February Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 226 km(140 mi)
1 March Artemis P2 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 68,036 km(42,276 mi) at 04:11 UTC[115]
2 March Cassini 2nd flyby of Rhea Closest approach: 100 km(62 mi)
3 March Cassini Flyby of Helene Closest approach: 1,803 km(1,120 mi)
3 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 67 km(42 mi)
7 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 107 km(66 mi)
10 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 286 km(178 mi)
13 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 476 km(296 mi)
16 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 662 km(411 mi)
19 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 848 km(527 mi)
23 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 1,341 km(833 mi)
26 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 1,304 km(810 mi)
28 March Artemis P2 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 9,366 km(5,820 mi) at 07:34 UTC[115]
5 April Cassini 67th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 7,462 km(4,637 mi)
7 April Cassini 2nd flyby of Dione Closest approach: 504 km(313 mi)
28 April Cassini 9th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 103 km(64 mi)
18 May Cassini 10th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 201 km(125 mi)
20 May Cassini 68th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,400 km(870 mi)
5 June Cassini 69th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 2,044 km(1,270 mi)
13 June Hayabusa First sample return mission from asteroid Sample canister successful recovered to Earth
21 June Cassini 70th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 955 km(593 mi)
7 July Cassini 71st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,005 km(624 mi)
10 July Rosetta Flyby of 21 Lutetia Closest approach: 3,100 km(1,926 mi)[116]
13 August Cassini 11th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 2,554 km(1,587 mi)
25 August Artemis P1 LL2 orbit insertion
24 September Cassini 72nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 8,175 km(5,080 mi)
6 October Chang'e 2 Lunar orbit insertion
16 October Cassini Flyby of Pallene Closest approach: 36,000 km(22,369 mi)
22 October Artemis P2 LL1 orbit insertion
4 November Deep Impact Flyby of Hartley 2 Closest approach: 700 km(435 mi)[117]
11 November Cassini 73rd flyby of Titan
30 November Cassini 12th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 47.9 km(30 mi)
7 December Akatsuki 1st flyby of Venus Cytherocentric orbit insertion failure
Closest approach: 550 km(342 mi)
8 December IKAROS Flyby of Venus Closest approach: 80,800 km(50,207 mi)
21 December Cassini 13th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 50 km(31 mi)
December Shin'en Flyby of Venus not confirmed.

卡西尼号在上半年对土卫四土卫二土卫一土卫五土卫三土卫六进行远距离、非目标飞掠。

舱外活动

[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译
开始时间 持续时间 结束时间 航天器 乘组 工作内容 备注
14 January
10:05
5 hours
44 minutes
15:49 Expedition 22
ISS Pirs
俄罗斯 Oleg Kotov
俄罗斯 Maksim Surayev
Prepared the Poisk module for future dockings.[118][119]
12 February
02:17
6 hours
32 minutes
08:49 STS-130
ISS Quest
美国 Robert L. Behnken
美国 Nicholas Patrick
Removed a protective cover on a port on the Unity node where Tranquility was berthed halfway through the spacewalk. The pair then transferred a spare parts platform for the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator from the shuttle to the station. Once that task is completed Behnken and Patrick made several connections on the newly installed Tranquility node to begin its activation.[120][121]
14 February
02:20
5 hours
54 minutes
08:14 STS-130
ISS Quest
美国Robert L. Behnken
美国Nicholas Patrick
Installed ammonia plumbing and connectors between Unity, Destiny and Tranquility and covered them with thermal insulation. Prepared the nadir port on Tranquility for the relocation of the Cupola, and installed handrails on the exterior of Tranquility.[122][123]
17 February
02:15
5 hours
48 minutes
08:03 STS-130
ISS Quest
美国Robert L. Behnken
美国Nicholas Patrick
Installed additional ammonia plumbing between Unity and Tranquility, removed insulation and launch locks from the Cupola, installed additional handrails on the exterior of Tranquility and performed get-ahead tasks to support the installation of a Power Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) on the exterior of Zarya with cable installation on Unity and the S0 truss.[124][125]
9 April
05:31
6 hours
27 minutes
11:58 STS-131
ISS Quest
美国 Richard Mastracchio
美国 Clayton Anderson
Relocated new an ammonia tank from the Shuttle's payload bay to a temporary stowage location and disconnected the fluid lines to the old ammonia tank on the S1 truss. Retrieved a Japanese seed experiment from the exterior of the Kibo laboratory for return to earth and replaced a failed gyroscope on the S0 truss. Performed get-ahead tasks including the opening of a window flap on the zenith CBM of Harmony, and removed launch restraint bolts from a Flex Hose Rotary Coupler (FHRC) on the P1 truss.[126][127]
11 April
05:30
7 hours
26 minutes
12:56 STS-131
ISS Quest
美国Richard Mastracchio
美国Clayton Anderson
The old ammonia tank was removed from the S1 truss and was replaced with the new tank. The electrical connections to the tank were made, but the fluid lines were deferred to the mission's third EVA due to time constraints since the installation was prolonged by a problem with the bolts that hold the tank to the truss. The old tank was relocated to a temporary stowage location on the station and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future shuttle mission's spacewalk.[128][129]
13 April
06:14
6 hours
24 minutes
12:36 STS-131
ISS Quest
美国Richard Mastracchio
美国Clayton Anderson
The fluid lines were connected to the new ammonia tank and the old tank was moved to the shuttle's payload bay for return to Earth. Micro-meteoroid debris shields from the Quest airlock which were no longer necessary were brought inside the airlock for return to Earth inside the Leonardo MPLM. The Z1 truss was prepared for the installation of a spare antenna on the next shuttle mission, and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future spacewalk. The retrieval of an external carrier plate on Columbus was deferred to another shuttle mission due to time constraints after problems were encountered with attaching the old ammonia tank to a carrier in the payload bay, and several other tasks were deferred to later EVAs due to the replanning from the problems with the mission's second EVA.[130][131]
17 May
11:54
7 hours
25 minutes
19:19 STS-132
ISS Quest
美国 Garrett Reisman
美国 Stephen G. Bowen
Installed a spare space-to-ground Ku-band antenna on the Z1 truss; installed new tool platform on Dextre, and broke torque on bolts holding replacement batteries to the ICC-VLD cargo carrier.[132][133]
19 May
10:38
7 hours
9 minutes
17:47 STS-132
ISS Quest
美国Stephen G. Bowen
美国 Michael T. Good
Repaired Atlantis' Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS); P6 battery replacement (4 of 6 units); and removed gimbal locks from the Ku-band antenna installed on the first EVA of the mission.[134][135]
21 May
10:27
6 hours
46 minutes
17:13 STS-132
ISS Quest
美国Michael T. Good
美国Garrett Reisman
P6 battery replacement (final 2 of 6 units); installed ammonia "jumpers" at the P4/P5 interface; retrieved a spare PDGF from Atlantis' payload bay and stowed it inside the Quest airlock. The spacewalkers also replenished supplies of EVA tools in toolboxes on the exterior of the station.[136][137]
27 July
04:11
6 hours
42 minutes
10:53 Expedition 24
ISS Pirs
俄罗斯 Fyodor Yurchikhin
俄罗斯 Mikhail Korniyenko
Replaced an ATV video camera on Zvezda, routed command and data handling lines from Zvezda and Zarya to the new Rassvet module as well as made KURS connections between Rassvet and Zarya to allow future automated dockings to the new module. Then the two cosmonauts jettisoned the old ATV video camera.[138][139]
7 August
11:19
8 hours
3 minutes
19:22 Expedition 24
ISS Quest
美国 Douglas H. Wheelock
美国 Tracy Caldwell Dyson
Attempted to replace failed S1 ammonia pump module. The spacewalkers did not complete all of the planned tasks due to a quick disconnect that got stuck and would not release. The pair had to complete a "bake-out" in order to ensure there was no ammonia on their suits before re-entering the Space Station.[140][141]
11 August
12:27
7 hours
26 minutes
19:53 Expedition 24
ISS Quest
美国Douglas H. Wheelock
美国Tracy Caldwell Dyson
Completed removal of failed pump module from the S1 truss and began installation preparations on the replacement pump.[142][143]
16 August
10:20
7 hours
20 minutes
17:40 Expedition 24
ISS Quest
美国Douglas H. Wheelock
美国Tracy Caldwell Dyson
Installed new pump module on the S1 truss.[144][145]
15 November
14:55
6 hours
27 minutes
21:22 Expedition 25
ISS Pirs
俄罗斯Fyodor Yurchikhin
俄罗斯Oleg Skripochka
Install a multipurpose workstation on Zvezda, retrieve camera, retrieve kontur, install new materials experiment, collect samples below insulation.[146][147]

轨道发射统计

[编辑]

按国家(区域)

[编辑]

就本章节的主旨而言,每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国为准,而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如,第聂伯运载火箭虽然从俄罗斯发射,但被计入乌克兰。

中国: 15欧洲: 6印度: 3以色列: 1日本: 2韩国: 1俄罗斯: 28乌克兰: 3美国: 15
  •   中国: 15
  •   欧洲: 6
  •   印度: 3
  •   以色列: 1
  •   日本: 2
  •   韩国: 1
  •   俄罗斯: 28
  •   乌克兰: 3
  •   美国: 15
国家(区域) 发射数 成功数 失败数 部分
失败数
备注
 中国 15 15 0 0
 欧洲 6 6 0 0
 印度 3 1 2 0
 以色列 1 1 0 0
 日本 2 2 0 0
 韩国 1 0 1 0 俄罗斯提供技术支持
 俄罗斯 28 27 1 0
 乌克兰 3 3 0 0 从俄罗斯发射
 美国 15 15 0 0
总计 74 70 4 0

按火箭

[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译

By family

[编辑]

By type

[编辑]

By configuration

[编辑]

按发射场

[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译
5
10
15
20
25
30
China
France
India
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
South Korea
Russia
United States
Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur  哈萨克斯坦 24 23 1 0
Cape Canaveral  美国 8 8 0 0
Dombarovsky  俄罗斯 1 1 0 0
Jiuquan  中国 4 4 0 0
Kennedy  美国 3 3 0 0
Kodiak  美国 1 1 0 0
Kourou  法国 6 6 0 0
Naro  韩国 1 0 1 0
Palmachim  以色列 1 1 0 0
Plesetsk  俄罗斯 6 6 0 0
Satish Dhawan  印度 3 1 2 0
Taiyuan  中国 3 3 0 0
Tanegashima  日本 2 2 0 0
Vandenberg  美国 3 3 0 0
Xichang  中国 8 8 0 0
Total 74 70 4 0

按轨道

[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译
  •   Transatmospheric
  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Geosychronous
    (transfer)
  •   Inclined GSO
  •   High Earth
  •   Heliocentric
Orbital regime Launches Successes Failures Accidentally
achieved
Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 37 36 1 0 12 to ISS
Medium Earth / Molniya 6 5 1 0
Geosynchronous / GTO 29 27 2 0
High Earth / Lunar transfer 1 1 0 0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer 1 1 0 0
Total 74 70 4 0

参考

[编辑]
  1. 中国国家航天局
  2. 中国探月网
  3. Encyclopedia Astronautica
  4. Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
  5. 日本宇宙航空研究开发机构
  6. Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
  7. Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
  8. NASA
  9. NASA SpaceFlight.com
  10. Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
  11. Space Calander (NASA JPL)
  12. Southwest Space Archive
  13. SPACE.com Launch Forecast
  14. SpaceFlightNow
  15. Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
  16. U.S. Space Objects Registry

脚注

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Mu, Xuequan. Russia sends military satellite into space. Xinhua. 1 October 2010 [30 September 2010]. (原始内容存档于3 October 2010). 
  2. ^ Amos, Jonathan. Japan launches Akatsuki probe to Venus. BBC News. 20 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. 
  3. ^ Bergin, Chris. JAXA H-IIA carrying AKATSUKI and IKAROS launches at second attempt. NASASpaceflight.com. 20 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于21 July 2010). 
  4. ^ Moskowitz, Clara. Japanese Asteroid Probe Makes Historic Return to Earth. Space.com. 13 June 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于17 June 2010). 
  5. ^ Amos, Jonathan. Japan probe collected particles from Itokawa asteroid. BBC News (BBC). 16 November 2010 [17 November 2010]. (原始内容存档于16 November 2010). 
  6. ^ Clark, Stephen. China maintains hectic pace for more space program firsts. Spaceflight Now. 5 March 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于12 June 2010). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 South Korea rocket 'explodes' moments after take-off. BBC News. 10 June 2010 [10 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于10 June 2010). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Clark, Stephen. Russia clears Proton to resume flying in December. Spaceflight Now. 10 December 2010 [29 December 2010]. (原始内容存档于8 January 2011). 
  9. ^ Rocket failed after 45 seconds, says ISRO. Hindustan Times. 25 December 2010 [25 December 2010]. (原始内容存档于26 December 2010). 
  10. ^ NASA's Shuttle and Rocket Missions. NASA. [5 August 2008]. (原始内容存档于13 September 2008). 
  11. ^ Space Force accepts second weather satellite through NOAA partnership. U.S. Space Force. 22 September 2023 [26 September 2023]. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Bergin, Chris. Downstream shuttle planning: CLFs, AMS noted, MAF working on extra ETs. NASASpaceflight.com. 11 February 2009 [16 February 2009]. (原始内容存档于16 February 2009). 
  13. ^ ESA's ice mission / CryoSat-2. Esa.int. 2010-04-08 [2015-09-10]. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 McDowell, Jonathan. Issue 627. Jonathan's Space Report. 11 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于8 March 2012). 
  15. ^ Многоцелевой лабораторный модуль "Наука". roscosmos.ru. [2021-07-14]. (原始内容存档于14 July 2021). 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 小林行雄. 「第3回 相乗り小型副衛星ワークショップ」を開催 %7C エンタープライズ. Mainichi Communications. 2 August 2010 [3 August 2010]. (原始内容存档于22 October 2010) (日语). 
  17. ^ Krebs, Gunter. DCAM 1, 2. Gunter's Space Page. [3 August 2010]. 
  18. ^ New Launch Day of Venus Climate Orbiter 'AKATSUKI' (PLANET-C) by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 17. JAXA. 18 May 2010 [18 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于21 May 2010). 
  19. ^ Expectation of Space-Track as of 24 June [1].
  20. ^ 宮下研究室 小型人工衛星班 最新情報. 21 May 2010 [21 May 2010] (日语). 
  21. ^ あかつき相乗り衛星「ハヤト」分離に歓声 鹿児島大. msn sankei news. 21 May 2010 [22 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于24 May 2010) (日语). 
  22. ^ 鹿児島人工衛星(KSAT)8日に大気圏落下か. 373news.com. 9 July 2010 [15 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于11 July 2010) (日语). 
  23. ^ j小型衛星「ハヤト」、大気圏に突入して消滅へ [The re-entry into micro-satellite "Hayato", to the disappearance]. YOMIURI ONLINE. 8 July 2010 [15 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于11 July 2010) (日语). 
  24. ^ Negai☆"地上局/創価大学黒木研究室. 24 June 2010 [26 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于24 May 2010) (日语). 
  25. ^ UNITEC-1 News. UNISEC. 21 May 2010 [22 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于19 June 2010). 
  26. ^ Latest status (26 May 2010, 3:00 (UTC)). UNITEC-1 Operation Center. 26 May 2010 [27 May 2010]. 
  27. ^ SERVIS-2 to be launched on Rockot. EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始内容存档于22 August 2009). 
  28. ^ SERVIS-2. EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始内容存档于26 August 2009). 
  29. ^ Air Force: SpaceX's Falcon 9 first launch planned for Nov 29. Orlando Sentinel. 22 September 2009. (原始内容存档于21 March 2010). 
  30. ^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration. Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [4 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于16 October 2011). 
  31. ^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration. Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [20 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于16 October 2011). 
  32. ^ 90 Day Range Forecast (PDF). USAF 45th Space Wing. 22 September 2009.  [永久失效链接]
  33. ^ Founder of SpaceX Refutes Report Slamming Safety Standards. Space.com. 22 January 2010 [24 January 2010]. (原始内容存档于25 January 2010). 
  34. ^ Steven Clark. Falcon Launch Report-Mission Status Center. Spaceflightnow.com. 30 April 2010 [1 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于30 May 2010). 
  35. ^ SpaceX Launch Manifest. [16 April 2009]. (原始内容存档于14 April 2009). 
  36. ^ Stephen Clark. Falcon Launch Report | Falcon rocket meets fiery end after three weeks in orbit. Spaceflight Now. 2010-06-28 [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于2 July 2010). 
  37. ^ S. Korea's Naro-1 rocket lifts off from space center. Yonhap News. 10 June 2010 [10 June 2010]. 
  38. ^ sung, s. First-Stage Engine of Naro-1 to Arrive on Weekend. Arirang. 2 March 2010 [2 March 2010]. (原始内容存档于23 February 2012). 
  39. ^ 我国成功发射"实践十二号卫星". Xinhua. 15 June 2010 [15 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于18 June 2010) (中文). 
  40. ^ China Sends Research Satellite into Space. CRI English. 15 June 2010 [15 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于17 June 2010). 
  41. ^ Prisma Satellites To Be Launched In June 2009. Space-Travel.com. 25 April 2008 [27 September 2008]. (原始内容存档于12 October 2009). 
  42. ^ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Gill, E. PRISMA. DLR. [27 September 2008]. (原始内容存档于27 July 2007). 
  43. ^ Opall-Rome, Barbara. Ofeq-8 Nearing Launch, Ofeq-9 Stalled. spacenews.com. 13 November 2009 [24 November 2009]. (原始内容存档于11 September 2012). 
  44. ^ בקרוב: ישראל תפעיל לוויין שישי בחלל. NRG. 31 January 2010 [4 February 2010] (希伯来语). 
  45. ^ Israel Launches Ofeq-9 Satellite. Defencenews. 22 June 2010. (原始内容存档于7 September 2012). 
  46. ^ Arianespace: next Ariane 5 launch scheduled for Wednesday, June 23. Arianespace. 27 May 2010. 
  47. ^ Chollian Reaches Geostationary Orbit. Arirang. 7 July 2010 [8 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于6 October 2012). 
  48. ^ COMS Retirement Information. KMA. WMO. 5 February 2020 [28 August 2021]. (原始内容存档于18 December 2023). 
  49. ^ After two setbacks, Isro set to launch five satellites on 12 July. K. Raghu. Livemint. 1 July 2010 [1 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于4 July 2010). 
  50. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. China launches military satellite YaoGan Weixing-10. NASASpaceFlight.com. 9 August 2010 [10 August 2010]. (原始内容存档于19 August 2010). 
  51. ^ 51.0 51.1 Ray, Justin. Military satellite relying on backup plan to save itself. Spaceflight Now. 30 August 2010 [31 August 2010]. (原始内容存档于2 September 2010). 
  52. ^ Leosat system "Gonets". [27 September 2008]. (原始内容存档于10 May 2008). 
  53. ^ New Launch Day of the First Quasi-Zenith Satellite 'MICHIBIKI' by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 18. MHI / JAXA. 4 August 2010 [4 August 2010]. (原始内容存档于6 August 2010). 
  54. ^ H-IIAロケット18号機による準天頂衛星初号機「みちびき」の打ち上げ計画概要 (PDF). 7 April 2010 [15 May 2010]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于15 April 2010) (日语). 
  55. ^ Suspension of QZS-1 all operations. Quasi-Zenith Satellite System. 15 September 2023 [16 September 2023]. 
  56. ^ China launches YaoGan Weixing-11. NASASpaceFlight.com. 22 September 2010 [22 September 2010]. (原始内容存档于25 September 2010). 
  57. ^ Krebs, Gunter. Orbital Launches of 2010. Gunter's Space Page. [21 September 2010]. (原始内容存档于14 September 2010). 
  58. ^ COSMOS 2469. N2YO.com. 15 October 2022 [17 October 2022]. 
  59. ^ 嫦娥奔月:"嫦娥二号"18:59:57成功发射 [Su 1 a fall by the csc]. CCTV-4. 1 October 2010 [31 October 2010] (中文). 
  60. ^ China's second lunar probe enters moon's orbit: state media. Space Daily. 2010-10-09 [2015-09-10]. 
  61. ^ MEDIA ADVISORY: ILS PROTON TO LAUNCH XM-5. International Launch Services. 8 October 2010 [13 October 2010]. (原始内容存档于31 October 2010). 
  62. ^ Russia's Spaceship Debris Slump into Pacific Ocean. Space-travel.com. 2011-01-25 [2015-09-10]. 
  63. ^ Peter B. de Selding. Eutelsat W3B Declared Total Loss; Plans Under Way To Deorbit Craft. SpaceNews. 2010-10-29 [2015-09-10]. 
  64. ^ Arianespace – Launch program activity. (原始内容存档于9 February 2014). 
  65. ^ EUTELSAT STATEMENT on LOSS OF W3B SATELLITE (新闻稿). Eutelsat Communications. 29 October 2010 [30 October 2010]. (原始内容存档于1 November 2010). 
  66. ^ Arianespace - Press Release - Arianespace to launch the BSAT-3b satellite for Japan. [2010-12-05]. (原始内容存档于12 December 2010). . Arianespace.com. April 2008.
  67. ^ Lockheed Martin-Built BSAT-3b Satellite Begins Service for Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation of Japan (新闻稿). Lockheed Martin. 8 December 2010 [9 December 2010]. (原始内容存档于20 October 2011). 
  68. ^ Ракета-носитель "Союз-2.1а" успешно стартовала с космодрома Плесецк | РИА Новости. Rian.ru. 2010-11-02 [2015-09-10] (俄语). 
  69. ^ China launches new weather satellite. news.xinhuanet.com. Xinhua News Agency. 2010-11-05 [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于7 November 2010). 
  70. ^ 70.0 70.1 William Graham. Delta II finally launches with COSMO-4. NASASpaceFlight.com. 2010-11-05 [2015-09-10]. 
  71. ^ ILS Proton Successfully Launches LightSquared Satellite (新闻稿). International Launch Services. 14 November 2010. (原始内容存档于16 November 2010). 
  72. ^ Anderson, Janet L. NASA's Nanosail-D 'Sails' Home – Mission Complete. NASA. 29 November 2011 [1 December 2019]. 
  73. ^ Delta IV Heavy • NROL-32 (新闻稿). Kennedy Space Center. 
  74. ^ 中国成功发射"中星-20A"卫星 主要担负传输话音、数据和广播电视等任务. CCTV. 25 November 2010 [28 November 2010]. 
  75. ^ HYLAS 1. Space.skyrocket.de. [2015-09-10]. 
  76. ^ Hartley Lesser. Featured Satellite... HylasOne - The Avanti Communications HylasOne Satellite. SatMagazine. [2015-09-10]. 
  77. ^ ISS mission delayed after damage to Soyuz craft: director. Spacedaily.com. 2010-10-08 [2015-09-10]. 
  78. ^ Arianespace To Launch Koreasat 6. [27 July 2016]. 
  79. ^ Koreasat 6 (Olleh 1). Space.skyrocket.de. [2015-09-10]. 
  80. ^ 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 80.4 80.5 Blue Book (PDF). Sounding Rockets Program Office. NASA. [14 June 2010]. 
  81. ^ 81.0 81.1 McDowell, Jonathan. Issue 622. Jonathan's Space Report. 5 February 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于8 March 2012). 
  82. ^ Branigan, Tania. China 'successfully tests missile interceptor'. The Guardian (London). 12 January 2010 [15 January 2010]. 
  83. ^ 83.00 83.01 83.02 83.03 83.04 83.05 83.06 83.07 83.08 83.09 83.10 83.11 83.12 83.13 83.14 McDowell, Jonathan. S: Suborbital launches (apogee 80+ km). Launch Vehicle Database. [30 December 2010]. 
  84. ^ 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.3 84.4 84.5 84.6 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre Conducts a Series of Sounding Rocket Launches to Study the Annular Solar Eclipse. 15 January 2010 [15 January 2010]. (原始内容存档于20 January 2010). 
  85. ^ French submarine test-fires M51 missile for first time. People's Daily Online. 27 January 2010 [25 August 2010]. 
  86. ^ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 86.4 Butler, Amy. GBI Test Failure Result of Two Problems. Aviation Week. 6 April 2010 [25 August 2010]. 
  87. ^ Iran in test rocket 'success'. BBC News. 3 February 2010 [26 August 2010]. 
  88. ^ Subramanian, T. S.; Mallikarjun, Y. Agni-III launch a complete success. The Hindu (Chennai, India). 7 February 2010 [26 August 2010]. (原始内容存档于25 July 2010). 
  89. ^ 89.0 89.1 Airborne Laser Test Bed Successful in Lethal Intercept Experiment. United States Missile Defense Agency. 12 February 2010 [26 August 2010]. (原始内容存档于15 February 2010). 
  90. ^ India's missile shield test fails: officials. Missile Defense. Space Daily. 15 March 2010 [17 April 2010]. 
  91. ^ High ride with Maxus-8. ESA. 2010-03-26 [26 March 2010]. (原始内容存档于28 March 2010). 
  92. ^ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE. 2 Short-Range Missiles Pass Test: India. archive.defensenews.com. 2010-03-27. [失效链接]
  93. ^ Rocket Launched Carrying Student Spacecrafts [sic]. NASA Wallops Flight Facility. 27 March 2010 [27 March 2010]. (原始内容存档于24 March 2010). 
  94. ^ Agni-1 short range ballistic missile successfully test-fired. The Times of India. 28 March 2010. 
  95. ^ 95.0 95.1 Clark, Stephen. New Minotaur rocket launches on suborbital flight. Spaceflight Now. 23 April 2010 [24 April 2010]. (原始内容存档于25 April 2010). 
  96. ^ 36.258 UE WOODS/UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. Sounding Rockets Program Office. NASA. 3 May 2010 [5 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于27 May 2010). 
  97. ^ [失效链接] SR-WS BLACK BRANT IX 36.258. Wallops Web Calendar. NASA. [5 May 2010]. [永久失效链接]
  98. ^ Spaceport Launch. KWRG News. 4 May 2010 [5 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于7 May 2010). 
  99. ^ Spaceloft XL SSR Demo Detailed Mission Information. Mission Set Database. NASA/Honeywell TSI. [5 May 2010]. [失效链接]
  100. ^ 100.0 100.1 Sounding Rocket 7 launched for space science advancement. NARL. [27 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于3 October 2011). 
  101. ^ Chern, Jeng-Shing; Wu, Bill; Chen, Yen-Sen; Wu, An-Ming. Suborbital and low-thermospheric experiments using sounding rockets in Taiwan. Acta Astronautica. 2012, 70: 159–164. ISSN 0094-5765. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.07.030. 
  102. ^ Le Terrible apte au lancement du M51 en conditions opérationnelles. Armees.com. 11 July 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于19 July 2010). 
  103. ^ 36.265 UG BOCK/CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. NASA Sounding Rockets Program Office. 11 July 2010 [18 July 2010]. 
  104. ^ 104.0 104.1 Russia tests two intercontinental missiles. Space Daily. 2010-08-06 [2015-09-10]. 
  105. ^ 105.0 105.1 S-520-25 successfully launched. S-310/S-520/SS-520. JAXA. 31 August 2010 [6 September 2010]. (原始内容存档于12 January 2013). 
  106. ^ 観測ロケットS-520-25号機 打上げ終了. 31 August 2010 [31 August 2010] (日语). 
  107. ^ 107.0 107.1 107.2 Launch Status. NASA. 21 September 2010 [21 September 2010]. (原始内容存档于2 October 2010). 
  108. ^ Airborne Laser Test Bed Exercise Conducted. U.S. Department of Defense Missile Defense Agency. 2010-10-21 [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于24 October 2010). 
  109. ^ DLR Portal - Raumfahrt. Dlr.de. (原始内容存档于8 October 2012). 
  110. ^ Sounding Rocket Campaigns « ECOMA. Rocketrange.no. 2010-12-19 [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于5 March 2012). 
  111. ^ Sucesso na Operação Maracati II [Success in Operation Maracati II]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-09). 
  112. ^ Sounding Rocket Campaigns « RENU. Rocketrange.no. 2010-12-12 [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于5 March 2012). 
  113. ^ Blue Book (PDF). NASA Sounding Rockets Program Office. [2 January 2012]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于4 March 2012). 
  114. ^ Sucesso na Operação Maracati II [Success in Operation Maracati II]. [13 December 2010]. (原始内容存档于16 July 2012). 
  115. ^ 115.0 115.1 115.2 115.3 115.4 McDowell, Jonathan. Issue 628. Jonathan's Space Report. 26 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于8 March 2012). 
  116. ^ Mysterious Asteroid Unmasked By Space Probe Flyby. Space.com. 10 July 2010 [10 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于13 July 2010). 
  117. ^ EPOXI Encounter Schedule. 14 October 2010 [16 October 2010]. (原始内容存档于18 October 2010). 
  118. ^ Kauderer, Amiko. Station Crew Completes First Expedition 22 Spacewalk. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 14 January 2010 [15 January 2010]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  119. ^ International space crew does walk. The Bismarck Tribune (Moscow, Russia: Lee Enterprises). Associated Press. 15 January 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  120. ^ Mission Control Center; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-130 MCC Status Report #09. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 12 February 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  121. ^ Dunn, Marcia. Space station gets new room with an out-of-this-world view. South Florida Sun Sentinel (Cape Canaveral, Florida: Tribune Publishing). Associated Press. 13 February 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  122. ^ Mission Control Center; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-130 MCC Status Report #13. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 14 February 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  123. ^ Dunn, Marcia. Spacewalking astronauts turn plumbers, hook hoses. The Jackson Sun (Cape Canaveral, Florida: Gannett). Associated Press. 15 February 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  124. ^ Mission Control Center; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-130 MCC Status Report #19. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 17 February 2010 [15 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于15 May 2021). 
  125. ^ Dunn, Marcia. Astronauts open window on world. Miami Herald (Cape Canaveral, Florida). Associated Press. 18 February 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  126. ^ Mission Control Center; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-131 MCC Status Report #09. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 9 April 2010 [15 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于15 May 2021). 
  127. ^ Astronauts take 1st spacewalk of mission. Arizona Daily Sun (Cape Canaveral, Florida: Lee Enterprises). Associated Press. 10 April 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  128. ^ Mission Control Center; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-131 MCC Status Report #13. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 11 April 2010 [15 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于15 May 2021). 
  129. ^ Dunn, Marcia. 'Long, long day' for astronauts during second space walk. The News Tribune (Cape Canaveral, Florida: McClatchy). Associated Press. 12 April 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  130. ^ Mission Control Center; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-131 MCC Status Report #17. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 13 April 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  131. ^ Dunn, Marcia. Astronauts take 3rd, final spacewalk; valve stuck. Valley Morning Star (Cape Canaveral, Florida: AIM Media Texas). Associated Press. 14 April 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  132. ^ Mission Control Center; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-132 MCC Status Report #07. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 17 May 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  133. ^ Dunn, Marcia. Spacewalk hit by brief power outage, no danger. Valley Morning Star (Cape Canaveral, Florida: AIM Media Texas). Associated Press. 18 May 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  134. ^ Mission Control Center; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-132 MCC Status Report #11. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 19 May 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  135. ^ Dunn, Marcia. Spacewalking 'superhero' untangles cable on boom. The Modesto Bee (Cape Canaveral, Florida). Associated Press. 20 May 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  136. ^ Mission Control Center; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-132 MCC Status Report #15. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 21 May 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  137. ^ Dunn, Marcia. Astronauts make final spacewalk. The Brownsville Herald (Cape Canaveral, Florida: AIM Media Texas). Associated Press. 22 May 2010: A5 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  138. ^ Kauderer, Amiko. Cosmonauts Complete First Expedition 24 Spacewalk. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 28 July 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  139. ^ 2 Russian astronauts start spacewalk. Longview Daily News (Moscow: Lee Enterprises). Associated Press. 27 July 2010: 2 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com. 
  140. ^ Bergin, Chris. Opening ISS spacewalk to replace coolant pump completed. NASASpaceflight.com. 7 August 2010 [7 August 2010]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  141. ^ Kauderer, Amiko. Expedition 24 Performs First Spacewalk to Replace Ammonia Pump. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 7 August 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  142. ^ Gebhardt, Chris. Large success for second EVA as failed Pump Module is removed. NASASpaceFlight.com. 11 August 2010 [10 September 2015]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  143. ^ Kauderer, Amiko. Expedition 24 Performs Second Spacewalk to Replace Ammonia Pump. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 11 August 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  144. ^ Harwood, William. Spacewalkers complete space station cooling repairs. Spaceflight Now. CBS News. 16 August 2010 [10 September 2015]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  145. ^ Kauderer, Amiko. Spacewalkers Install Spare Ammonia Pump. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 16 August 2010 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  146. ^ Kauderer, Amiko. Cosmonauts Perform 26th Russian Space Station Spacewalk. NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. 16 November 2010 [10 September 2015]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021). 
  147. ^ Dean, James. Russians succeed in walk in space. Florida Today (Cape Canaveral, Florida: Gannett). 16 November 2010: 5 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com.