2010年航天活动列表
轨道发射 | |
---|---|
首次 | 1月16日 |
末次 | 12月29日 |
总计 | 74 |
成功 | 70 |
失败 | 4 |
部分失败 | 0 |
标识符 | 70 |
火箭 | |
处女航 | 宇宙神5号501构型 宇宙神5号531构型 猎鹰9号1.0版本 GSLVMk. II型 米诺陶4号 |
退役 | 德尔塔2号7420构型 闪电-M 宇宙3号M型 |
载人航天 | |
轨道飞行次数 | 7 |
载人航天人数合计 | 31 |
2010年,全球航天活动中出现了许多重大事件。包括用于商业轨道运输服务的SpaceX龙飞船的首次飞行,该飞船旨在为国际空间站运输补给,以及猎鹰9号和米诺陶4号运载火箭的首飞。2010年6月,韩国进行了第二次罗老运载火箭的发射,该火箭在2009年首飞失败;然而,第二次尝试也失败了。宇宙3号M型运载火箭退役,于4月进行了其最后一次飞行;在9月进行了最后一次飞行后,闪电-M运载火箭也宣布退役。[1]
概述
[编辑]2010年的全球首次亚轨道发射于1月10日23:00(UTC)进行,当时一枚黑雁IX探空火箭作为波音YAL-1机载镭射系统的目标发射。1月11日,中国进行了该国首次反弹道导弹试验,涉及两枚导弹。全球首次轨道发射于1月16日16:12(UTC)进行,当时长征三号丙运载火箭从西昌卫星发射中心发射了北斗-G1导航卫星。
2010年共进行了74次轨道发射,其中70次成功,4次失败。最后一次轨道发射是在12月29日,当时阿丽亚娜5号ECA构型从库鲁附近的圭亚那航天中心发射了Hispasat-1E和Koreasat 6号航天器。
深空探测
[编辑]5月,日本使用H-IIA运载火箭发射发射了该国首个金星探测器“破晓”号。其目的是寻找金星上的闪电和火山。[2]尽管发射成功,但该航天器未能在12月进入环绕金星的轨道[3],最终它在5年后的2015年12月才成功进入金星轨道。第一艘可操作的太阳帆“IKAROS”号与“破晓”号搭乘同一枚火箭升空。
日本的第一个小行星探测器“隼鸟”号于6月13日返回地球,此前它曾降落在小行星25143“丝川”上收集样本。[4]这也是世界上第一个成功从小行星采样返回的航天任务。[5]
10月1日10:59:57(UTC),中国成功发射嫦娥二号探测器,这是嫦娥工程的第二次任务。此次任务使用长征三号丙运载火箭从西昌卫星发射中心发射。嫦娥二号的任务与之前的嫦娥一号类似,但重点是绘制潜在着陆点,为嫦娥三号无人月球着陆器做好准备。[6]
载人航天
[编辑]2010年按计划进行了7次载人飞行任务,包括3次太空梭和4次联盟号飞船任务,用于国际空间站乘组人员轮换。STS-130使用奋进号,是本年度首次载人飞行,奋进号于2月8日发射,搭载宁静号节点舱和穹顶舱前往国际空间站。4月5日,发现号执行STS-131任务,搭载“莱昂纳多”多功能后勤模块(MPLM)为空间站提供补给。
4月2日,联盟TMA-18飞船将远征23乘组人员送往国际空间站;该飞船计划在空间站对接约6个月,以便乘组人员在紧急情况下撤离。此前不久,联盟TMA-16飞船脱离对接,将前一批国际空间站乘组人员送回地球。5月14日,美国太空梭 亚特兰蒂斯号发射升空,执行其倒数第二次飞行——STS-132任务,将晨曦号实验舱送往国际空间站。6月15日,联盟TMA-19飞船搭载远征24乘组发射升空。10月8日,联盟TMA-01M飞船发射升空,这是现代化改造的联盟TMA飞船的首次飞行,搭载远征25乘组人员前往国际空间站。最后,在年底,远征26于12月15日搭乘联盟TMA-20飞船发射升空。
发射失败
[编辑]2010年共发生了4起轨道发射失败事故。其中两起影响地球同步卫星运载火箭(GSLV),一起影响罗老运载火箭,另一起影响质子运载火箭。第一次失败发生在4月15日,当时是GSLV Mk.II型首次发射。火箭的第三级发生故障,导致火箭和GSAT-4卫星无法进入轨道并坠入大海。第二次失败发生在罗老运载火箭的第二次试飞期间,当时火箭搭载着STSAT-2B航天器。火箭在起飞137秒后爆炸。[7]
第三次故障发生在12月5日,当时搭载首个Blok DM-03上面级的质子-M运载火箭未能将三颗格洛纳斯-M卫星送入轨道。发射前,Blok DM的燃料加注错误,导致火箭太重而无法到达停泊轨道。[8]第四次故障发生在2010年12月25日,当时GSLV Mk.I型在GSAT-5P发射过程中爆炸。由于第一级的液体燃料助推器失控,火箭被发射场安全控制系统下令摧毁。[9]
轨道发射
[编辑]亚轨道发射
[编辑]发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) |
载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
附注 | |||||||
10 January 23:00:00[80] |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
MARTI | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 10 January | Successful | ||
11 January 11:55[81] |
CSS-X-11 | Shuangchengzi Space and Missile Center | PLA | ||||
PLA | Suborbital | ABM target | 11 January | Successful | |||
Target | |||||||
11 January 12:00 |
SC-19 | Korla Missile Test Complex | PLA | ||||
PLA | Suborbital | ABM test | 11 January | Successful[82] | |||
Interceptor | |||||||
14 January 06:50[84] |
RH-300 Mk.II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 14 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
14 January 07:35[84] |
RH-300 Mk. II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 14 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
14 January[84] 07:45 |
RH-560 Mk.II | Satish Dhawan | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 14 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 548 km(341 mi)[83] | |||||||
15 January 06:50[84] |
RH-300 Mk. II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 15 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
15 January 07:35[84] |
RH-300 Mk. II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 15 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
15 January 10:30[84] |
RH-300 Mk. II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 15 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
15 January[84] 07:45 |
RH-560 Mk. II | Satish Dhawan | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 15 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 523 km(325 mi)[83] | |||||||
27 January 08:25[81] |
M51 | Le Terrible, Audierne Bay | DGA | ||||
DGA | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 January | Successful | |||
First launch of M51 from a submarine[85] | |||||||
31 January 11:40[86] |
UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2) | FTG-06 | Meck | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 30 January | Successful[86] | |||
Maiden flight of Trident I in LV-2 configuration, interceptor failed[86] | |||||||
31 January | Ground Based Interceptor | FTG-06 | Vandenberg LF-23 | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 30 January | Spacecraft failure[86] | |||
Radar tracking problem caused by unexpected "chuffing", compounded by thruster problem on interceptor, resulted in failure to intercept Trident[86] | |||||||
3 February | Kavoshgar (Naze'at-based) | Semnan Space Center | ISA | ||||
Kavoshgar-3 | ISA | Suborbital | Biological | 3 February | Successful[87] | ||
4 February 08:03:07 |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
MARTI | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 4 February | Successful[80] | ||
7 February 05:20 |
Agni-III | ITR IC-4 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 February | Successful[88] | |||
Travelled 3,500 km(2,175 mi) downrange | |||||||
9 February 09:01:00 |
Terrier-Orion | Poker Flat | NASA | ||||
Alaska | Suborbital | Auroral | 9 February | Successful[80] | |||
12 February 04:44[89] |
R-17 Elbrus | Ship, Pacific Ocean | U.S. Air Force | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 12 February | Successful[89] | |||
Destroyed by Boeing YAL-1 aircraft | |||||||
12 February 05:31:20 |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
MARTI | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 12 February | Successful[80] | ||
15 February 09:49:11 |
Black Brant XII | Poker Flat | NASA | ||||
Dartmouth | Suborbital | Auroral | 15 February | Successful[80] | |||
Apogee: 803 km(499 mi)[83] | |||||||
17 February | Juno | Fort Wingate LC-96 | US Army | ||||
US Army | Suborbital | Target | 17 February | Successful | |||
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successful intercept | |||||||
4 March 04:50 |
R-29RMU Sineva | K-114 Tula, Barents Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 March | Successful | |||
15 March | Prithvi | ITR IC-4 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 15 March | Launch failure | |||
Target for ABM test, deviated from planned course, interceptor not launched[90] | |||||||
22 March | Terrier Mk.70-Orion | Woomera LA-2 | DSTO/U.S. Air Force | ||||
HIFiRE-1 | DSTO/U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 22 March | Successful | ||
Hypersonic research experiment | |||||||
26 March 13:43 |
/ Maxus | Esrange | EuroLaunch | ||||
MAXUS-8 | SSC / ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 26 March 13:55 |
Successful[91] | ||
Apogee: 700 km(435 mi)[83] | |||||||
27 March 00:14[83] |
Dhanush[92] | INS Subhadra Indian Ocean | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 March | Successful | |||
27 March 00:18[83] |
Prithvi II[92] | Integrated Test Range IC-3 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 March | Successful | |||
27 March 14:09:56[93] |
Terrier-Improved Malemute | Wallops Island LA-1/50K | NASA | ||||
NASA | Suborbital | Test flight | 27 March | Successful | |||
SOCEM | CalPoly | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 27 March | Successful | ||
ADAMASat | Kentucky Space | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 27 March | Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Terrier-Improved Malemute, apogee: 270 km(168 mi)[83] | |||||||
27 March 19:37[83] |
Agni I[94] | Integrated Test Range IC-4 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 March | Successful | |||
22 April 23:00[14] |
Minotaur IV Lite | Vandenberg SLC-8 | Orbital Sciences | ||||
HTV-2a | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 22 April | Spacecraft failure[95] | ||
Maiden flight of Minotaur IV, loss of contact with HTV nine minutes after launch.[95] | |||||||
3 May 09:47:00 |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
MARTI | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 3 May | Successful | ||
3 May 18:32:00 |
Black Brant IX[97] | White Sands | NASA | ||||
EVE | CU Boulder | Suborbital | Geospace/Solar | 3 May | Successful | ||
Used to calibrate the Solar Dynamics Observatory[96] | |||||||
4 May 12:41:02[99] |
SpaceLoft XL | Spaceport America | UP Aerospace | ||||
RocketSat | CSG | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 4 May | Successful | ||
NMSU | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | Successful | ||||
UNM | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | Successful | ||||
Pioneer | Celestis | Suborbital | Space burial | Successful | |||
Reached an apogee of 113 km(70 mi), successfully recovered.[98] | |||||||
6 May 03:50[100][101] |
Taiwan Sounding Rocket | Sounding Rocket VII | Jiu Peng Air Base | NSPO | |||
Ion probe | NSPO/NCU | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 6 May | Successful | ||
Apogee: 289 km(180 mi)[100] | |||||||
8 May | Ghaznavi | Sonmiani | ASFC | ||||
ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 May | Successful | |||
8 May | Shaheen-I | Sonmiani | ASFC | ||||
ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 May | Successful | |||
17 May 11:29 |
Agni-II | ITR IC-3 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 17 May | Successful | |||
Travelled 2,500 km(1,553 mi) downrange | |||||||
21 May 09:00:00 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
DICE | CU Boulder | Suborbital | Astronomy | 21 May | Spacecraft failure[80] | ||
6 June 22:25[83] |
Ground Based Interceptor | Vandenberg LF-24 | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | Test flight | 6 June | Successful | |||
Two stage test vehicle, non-intercept test | |||||||
8 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | “Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 8 June | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42 | |||||||
8 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | “Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 8 June | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42 | |||||||
9 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | “Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 9 June | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43 | |||||||
9 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | “Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 9 June | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43 | |||||||
16 June 10:01 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-10 | U.S. Air Force | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 June | Successful | |||
Travelled 6,743 km(4,190 mi) to Kwajalein Atoll | |||||||
24 June 11:17:00 |
Terrier-Orion | Wallops Island LA-2/MRL | NASA | ||||
RockOn! | Colorado | Suborbital | Student research | 24 June | Successful | ||
30 June 10:40:01[83] |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-04 | U.S. Air Force | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 June | Successful | |||
10 July 11:32[102] |
M51 | Le Terrible, Audierne Bay | DGA/Marine nationale | ||||
DGA/Marine nationale | Suborbital | Test flight | 10 July | Successful | |||
11 July | Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
CIBER | Caltech[103] | Suborbital | Astronomy | 11 July | Successful | ||
27 July | Prithvi | ITR IC-4 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 27 July | Successful | |||
Target for ABM test, intercepted successfully by AAD | |||||||
30 July 18:18 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
SUMI | NASA | Suborbital | Solar | 30 July | Successful | ||
4 August 09:15 |
Black Brant X | Wallops Island LA-1/50K | NASA | ||||
NASA | Suborbital | Test flight Technology |
4 August | Successful | |||
Tests of Nihka rocket motor, with secondary technology experiments | |||||||
6 August[104] | R-29RMU Sineva | K-114 Tula, Barents Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 August | Successful | |||
6 August[104] | R-29RMU Sineva | K-114 Tula, Barents Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 August | Successful | |||
23 August 17:57 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
RAISE | SwRI | Suborbital | Solar | 23 August | Successful | ||
30 August 20:00[106] |
S-520 | Uchinoura | JAXA | ||||
JAXA/TMU/Kagawa /Shizuoka |
Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 30 August | Partial spacecraft failure[105] | |||
High-voltage control experiments not conducted as planned[105] | |||||||
17 September 10:03 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-09 | U.S. Air Force | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 17 September | Successful | |||
21 September 13:07:30[107] |
Terrier-Orion | Wallops Island LA-2/MRL | NASA | ||||
SubTec-III | NASA | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 21 September 13:23[107] |
Successful[107] | ||
6 October | ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole)? | Kauai | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | Aegis radar target | 6 October | Successful | |||
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites | |||||||
6 October | ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole)? | Kauai | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | Aegis radar target | 6 October | Successful | |||
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites | |||||||
7 October[来源请求] 03:10 |
RSM-56 Bulava | TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 October | Successful | |||
21 October[108] 17:00 |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 21 October | Successful | |||
27 October 10:15[109] |
Nike Orion | Esrange | EuroLaunch | ||||
MAPHEUS-2 | DLR | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 27 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 153 km(95 mi) | |||||||
28 October[来源请求] 09:59 |
RS-12M Topol | Plesetsk | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 October | Successful | |||
28 October 10:30[来源请求] |
R-29RMU Sineva | K-117 Bryansk, Barents Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 October | Successful | |||
28 October 10:30[来源请求] |
R-29R Volna | K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 October | Successful | |||
29 October[来源请求] 01:10 |
RSM-56 Bulava | TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 October | Successful | |||
29 October 03:06 |
JFTM-4 | Kauai | MDA | ||||
JMSDF/MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 29 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted by SM-3 | |||||||
29 October 03:09 |
RIM-161 SM-3 | JFTM-4 | JDS Kirishima, Pacific Ocean | JMSDF | |||
JMSDF | Suborbital | ABM test | 29 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted target | |||||||
25 November 04:40 |
Agni I | Integrated Test Range IC-4 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 November | Successful | |||
4 December 04:21[110] |
Nike-Improved Orion | Andøya | Andøya | ||||
ECOMA 2010-1 | Andøya/DLR | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 4 December | Successful | ||
5 December 19:11 |
RS-12M Topol | Kapustin Yar | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 December | Successful | |||
6 December 16:45 |
Terrier-Orion | White Sands | NASA | ||||
TRaiNED | NASA | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 6 December | Successful | ||
6 December 17:19 |
Improved Orion | Alcântara | AEB | ||||
Maracati 2 | INPE | Suborbital | Microgravity | 6 December | Successful | ||
Test for Operation Maracati 2[111] | |||||||
10 December | Agni-II Plus | ITR IC-3 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 10 December | Launch failure | |||
Upgraded Agni II version, fell into the sea shortly after launch | |||||||
12 December 06:38[112] |
Black Brant XII | Andøya | NASA | ||||
RENU 1 | New Hampshire | Suborbital | Geospace | 12 December | Launch failure[113] | ||
12 December 12:35 |
VSB-30 | Alcântara | AEB | ||||
Maracati 2 | INPE | Suborbital | Microgravity | 12 December 12:51 |
Successful | ||
Operation Maracati 2, MICROG 1A payload[114] | |||||||
13 December 03:24 |
Nike-Improved Orion | Andøya | Andøya | ||||
ECOMA 2010-2 | Andøya/DLR | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 13 December | Successful | ||
15 December | UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2) | FTG-06a | Meck | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 15 December | Successful | |||
15 December | Ground Based Interceptor | FTG-06a | Vandenberg LF-23 | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 15 December | Spacecraft failure | |||
Interceptor failed, the cause is under investigation | |||||||
19 December 02:36 |
Nike-Improved Orion | Andøya | Andøya | ||||
ECOMA 2010-3 | Andøya/DLR | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 19 December | Successful | ||
21 December | Ghauri | Tilla | Army of Pakistan | ||||
Haft-5 | Army of Pakistan | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 December | Successful | ||
Apogee: 100 km(62 mi) | |||||||
22 December | Prithvi II[92] | Integrated Test Range IC-3 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 December | Successful | |||
22 December | Prithvi II[92] | Integrated Test Range IC-3 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 December | Successful |
深空机动
[编辑]日期 (UTC) | 航天器 | 事件 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|
12 January | Cassini | 65th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,073 km(667 mi) |
28 January | Cassini | 66th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 7,490 km(4,654 mi) |
31 January | Artemis P1 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 11,992 km(7,451 mi) at 08:13 UTC[115] |
1 February | Artemis P2 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 69,222 km(43,013 mi) at 14:44 UTC[115] |
13 February | Artemis P1 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 2,958 km(1,838 mi) at 10:06 UTC[115] |
13 February | Cassini | Flyby of Mimas | Closest approach: 9,520 km(5,915 mi) |
16 February | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 991 km(616 mi) |
22 February | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 574 km(357 mi) |
25 February | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 398 km(247 mi) |
28 February | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 226 km(140 mi) |
1 March | Artemis P2 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 68,036 km(42,276 mi) at 04:11 UTC[115] |
2 March | Cassini | 2nd flyby of Rhea | Closest approach: 100 km(62 mi) |
3 March | Cassini | Flyby of Helene | Closest approach: 1,803 km(1,120 mi) |
3 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 67 km(42 mi) |
7 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 107 km(66 mi) |
10 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 286 km(178 mi) |
13 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 476 km(296 mi) |
16 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 662 km(411 mi) |
19 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 848 km(527 mi) |
23 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 1,341 km(833 mi) |
26 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 1,304 km(810 mi) |
28 March | Artemis P2 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 9,366 km(5,820 mi) at 07:34 UTC[115] |
5 April | Cassini | 67th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 7,462 km(4,637 mi) |
7 April | Cassini | 2nd flyby of Dione | Closest approach: 504 km(313 mi) |
28 April | Cassini | 9th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 103 km(64 mi) |
18 May | Cassini | 10th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 201 km(125 mi) |
20 May | Cassini | 68th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400 km(870 mi) |
5 June | Cassini | 69th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,044 km(1,270 mi) |
13 June | Hayabusa | First sample return mission from asteroid | Sample canister successful recovered to Earth |
21 June | Cassini | 70th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 955 km(593 mi) |
7 July | Cassini | 71st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,005 km(624 mi) |
10 July | Rosetta | Flyby of 21 Lutetia | Closest approach: 3,100 km(1,926 mi)[116] |
13 August | Cassini | 11th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 2,554 km(1,587 mi) |
25 August | Artemis P1 | LL2 orbit insertion | |
24 September | Cassini | 72nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 8,175 km(5,080 mi) |
6 October | Chang'e 2 | Lunar orbit insertion | |
16 October | Cassini | Flyby of Pallene | Closest approach: 36,000 km(22,369 mi) |
22 October | Artemis P2 | LL1 orbit insertion | |
4 November | Deep Impact | Flyby of Hartley 2 | Closest approach: 700 km(435 mi)[117] |
11 November | Cassini | 73rd flyby of Titan | |
30 November | Cassini | 12th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 47.9 km(30 mi) |
7 December | Akatsuki | 1st flyby of Venus | Cytherocentric orbit insertion failure Closest approach: 550 km(342 mi) |
8 December | IKAROS | Flyby of Venus | Closest approach: 80,800 km(50,207 mi) |
21 December | Cassini | 13th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 50 km(31 mi) |
December | Shin'en | Flyby of Venus | not confirmed. |
舱外活动
[编辑]开始时间 | 持续时间 | 结束时间 | 航天器 | 乘组 | 工作内容 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 January 10:05 |
5 hours 44 minutes |
15:49 | Expedition 22 ISS Pirs |
Oleg Kotov Maksim Surayev |
Prepared the Poisk module for future dockings.[118][119] | |
12 February 02:17 |
6 hours 32 minutes |
08:49 | STS-130 ISS Quest |
Robert L. Behnken Nicholas Patrick |
Removed a protective cover on a port on the Unity node where Tranquility was berthed halfway through the spacewalk. The pair then transferred a spare parts platform for the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator from the shuttle to the station. Once that task is completed Behnken and Patrick made several connections on the newly installed Tranquility node to begin its activation.[120][121] | |
14 February 02:20 |
5 hours 54 minutes |
08:14 | STS-130 ISS Quest |
Robert L. Behnken Nicholas Patrick |
Installed ammonia plumbing and connectors between Unity, Destiny and Tranquility and covered them with thermal insulation. Prepared the nadir port on Tranquility for the relocation of the Cupola, and installed handrails on the exterior of Tranquility.[122][123] | |
17 February 02:15 |
5 hours 48 minutes |
08:03 | STS-130 ISS Quest |
Robert L. Behnken Nicholas Patrick |
Installed additional ammonia plumbing between Unity and Tranquility, removed insulation and launch locks from the Cupola, installed additional handrails on the exterior of Tranquility and performed get-ahead tasks to support the installation of a Power Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) on the exterior of Zarya with cable installation on Unity and the S0 truss.[124][125] | |
9 April 05:31 |
6 hours 27 minutes |
11:58 | STS-131 ISS Quest |
Richard Mastracchio Clayton Anderson |
Relocated new an ammonia tank from the Shuttle's payload bay to a temporary stowage location and disconnected the fluid lines to the old ammonia tank on the S1 truss. Retrieved a Japanese seed experiment from the exterior of the Kibo laboratory for return to earth and replaced a failed gyroscope on the S0 truss. Performed get-ahead tasks including the opening of a window flap on the zenith CBM of Harmony, and removed launch restraint bolts from a Flex Hose Rotary Coupler (FHRC) on the P1 truss.[126][127] | |
11 April 05:30 |
7 hours 26 minutes |
12:56 | STS-131 ISS Quest |
Richard Mastracchio Clayton Anderson |
The old ammonia tank was removed from the S1 truss and was replaced with the new tank. The electrical connections to the tank were made, but the fluid lines were deferred to the mission's third EVA due to time constraints since the installation was prolonged by a problem with the bolts that hold the tank to the truss. The old tank was relocated to a temporary stowage location on the station and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future shuttle mission's spacewalk.[128][129] | |
13 April 06:14 |
6 hours 24 minutes |
12:36 | STS-131 ISS Quest |
Richard Mastracchio Clayton Anderson |
The fluid lines were connected to the new ammonia tank and the old tank was moved to the shuttle's payload bay for return to Earth. Micro-meteoroid debris shields from the Quest airlock which were no longer necessary were brought inside the airlock for return to Earth inside the Leonardo MPLM. The Z1 truss was prepared for the installation of a spare antenna on the next shuttle mission, and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future spacewalk. The retrieval of an external carrier plate on Columbus was deferred to another shuttle mission due to time constraints after problems were encountered with attaching the old ammonia tank to a carrier in the payload bay, and several other tasks were deferred to later EVAs due to the replanning from the problems with the mission's second EVA.[130][131] | |
17 May 11:54 |
7 hours 25 minutes |
19:19 | STS-132 ISS Quest |
Garrett Reisman Stephen G. Bowen |
Installed a spare space-to-ground Ku-band antenna on the Z1 truss; installed new tool platform on Dextre, and broke torque on bolts holding replacement batteries to the ICC-VLD cargo carrier.[132][133] | |
19 May 10:38 |
7 hours 9 minutes |
17:47 | STS-132 ISS Quest |
Stephen G. Bowen Michael T. Good |
Repaired Atlantis' Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS); P6 battery replacement (4 of 6 units); and removed gimbal locks from the Ku-band antenna installed on the first EVA of the mission.[134][135] | |
21 May 10:27 |
6 hours 46 minutes |
17:13 | STS-132 ISS Quest |
Michael T. Good Garrett Reisman |
P6 battery replacement (final 2 of 6 units); installed ammonia "jumpers" at the P4/P5 interface; retrieved a spare PDGF from Atlantis' payload bay and stowed it inside the Quest airlock. The spacewalkers also replenished supplies of EVA tools in toolboxes on the exterior of the station.[136][137] | |
27 July 04:11 |
6 hours 42 minutes |
10:53 | Expedition 24 ISS Pirs |
Fyodor Yurchikhin Mikhail Korniyenko |
Replaced an ATV video camera on Zvezda, routed command and data handling lines from Zvezda and Zarya to the new Rassvet module as well as made KURS connections between Rassvet and Zarya to allow future automated dockings to the new module. Then the two cosmonauts jettisoned the old ATV video camera.[138][139] | |
7 August 11:19 |
8 hours 3 minutes |
19:22 | Expedition 24 ISS Quest |
Douglas H. Wheelock Tracy Caldwell Dyson |
Attempted to replace failed S1 ammonia pump module. The spacewalkers did not complete all of the planned tasks due to a quick disconnect that got stuck and would not release. The pair had to complete a "bake-out" in order to ensure there was no ammonia on their suits before re-entering the Space Station.[140][141] | |
11 August 12:27 |
7 hours 26 minutes |
19:53 | Expedition 24 ISS Quest |
Douglas H. Wheelock Tracy Caldwell Dyson |
Completed removal of failed pump module from the S1 truss and began installation preparations on the replacement pump.[142][143] | |
16 August 10:20 |
7 hours 20 minutes |
17:40 | Expedition 24 ISS Quest |
Douglas H. Wheelock Tracy Caldwell Dyson |
Installed new pump module on the S1 truss.[144][145] | |
15 November 14:55 |
6 hours 27 minutes |
21:22 | Expedition 25 ISS Pirs |
Fyodor Yurchikhin Oleg Skripochka |
Install a multipurpose workstation on Zvezda, retrieve camera, retrieve kontur, install new materials experiment, collect samples below insulation.[146][147] |
轨道发射统计
[编辑]按国家(区域)
[编辑]就本章节的主旨而言,每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国为准,而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如,第聂伯运载火箭虽然从俄罗斯发射,但被计入乌克兰。
- 中国: 15
- 欧洲: 6
- 印度: 3
- 以色列: 1
- 日本: 2
- 韩国: 1
- 俄罗斯: 28
- 乌克兰: 3
- 美国: 15
国家(区域) | 发射数 | 成功数 | 失败数 | 部分 失败数 |
备注 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
中国 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | ||
欧洲 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
印度 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
以色列 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
日本 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
韩国 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 俄罗斯提供技术支持 | |
俄罗斯 | 28 | 27 | 1 | 0 | ||
乌克兰 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 从俄罗斯发射 | |
美国 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | ||
总计 | 74 | 70 | 4 | 0 |
按火箭
[编辑]By family
[编辑]Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara | 俄罗斯 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Ariane | 欧洲 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | 美国 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | 美国 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | 美国 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
GLSV | 印度 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
H-II | 日本 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | 中国 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur | 美国 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | 印度 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | 俄罗斯 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
R-14 | 俄罗斯 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-36 | 乌克兰 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | 以色列 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Space Shuttle | 美国 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | 俄罗斯 | 14 | 13 | 1 | 0 |
By type
[编辑]Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 | 欧洲 | Ariane | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | 美国 | Atlas | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II | 美国 | Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | 美国 | Delta | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | 乌克兰 | R-36 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | 美国 | Falcon | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
GSLV | 印度 | GSLV | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
H-IIA | 日本 | H-II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Kosmos | 俄罗斯 | R-12/R-14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | 中国 | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | 中国 | Long March | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | 中国 | Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur IV | 美国 | Minotaur | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Molniya | 俄罗斯 | R-7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Naro | 俄罗斯 韩国 |
Angara | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Proton | 俄罗斯 | Universal Rocket | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | |
PSLV | 印度 | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | 以色列 | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | 俄罗斯 | R-7 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | 俄罗斯 | R-7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Space Shuttle | 美国 | Space Shuttle | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
UR-100 | 俄罗斯 | Universal Rocket | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
[编辑]Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 ECA | 欧洲 | Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | 美国 | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 501 | 美国 | Atlas V | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Atlas V 531 | 美国 | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Delta II 7420 | 美国 | Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight[70] |
Delta IV-M+(4,2) | 美国 | Delta IV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | 美国 | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | 乌克兰 | Dnepr | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 v1.0 | 美国 | Falcon 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
GSLV Mk I(c) | 印度 | GSLV | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Only flight |
GSLV Mk II | 印度 | GSLV | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
H-IIA 202 | 日本 | H-IIA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Kosmos-3M | 俄罗斯 | Kosmos | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Long March 2D | 中国 | Long March 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | 中国 | Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B | 中国 | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C | 中国 | Long March 3 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | 中国 | Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | 中国 | Long March 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur IV | 美国 | Minotaur IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Minotaur IV / HAPS | 美国 | Minotaur IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Molniya-M / 2BL | 俄罗斯 | Molniya | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight[1] |
Naro-1 | 俄罗斯 韩国 |
Naro | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Proton-M / DM-2 | 俄罗斯 | Proton | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / DM-03 | 俄罗斯 | Proton | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | 俄罗斯 | Proton | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-CA | 印度 | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | 俄罗斯 | UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit-2 | 以色列 | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M | 俄罗斯 | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | 俄罗斯 | Soyuz | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG | 俄罗斯 | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Space Shuttle | 美国 | Space Shuttle | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
按发射场
[编辑]Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | 哈萨克斯坦 | 24 | 23 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | 美国 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Dombarovsky | 俄罗斯 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | 中国 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Kennedy | 美国 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Kodiak | 美国 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | 法国 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Naro | 韩国 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Palmachim | 以色列 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | 俄罗斯 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | 印度 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | 中国 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | 日本 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | 美国 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Xichang | 中国 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 74 | 70 | 4 | 0 |
按轨道
[编辑]- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Inclined GSO
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Successes | Failures | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth | 37 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 12 to ISS |
Medium Earth / Molniya | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Geosynchronous / GTO | 29 | 27 | 2 | 0 | |
High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 74 | 70 | 4 | 0 |
参考
[编辑]- 中国国家航天局
- 中国探月网
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究开发机构
- Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry
脚注
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Mu, Xuequan. Russia sends military satellite into space. Xinhua. 1 October 2010 [30 September 2010]. (原始内容存档于3 October 2010).
- ^ Amos, Jonathan. Japan launches Akatsuki probe to Venus. BBC News. 20 May 2010 [13 July 2010].
- ^ Bergin, Chris. JAXA H-IIA carrying AKATSUKI and IKAROS launches at second attempt. NASASpaceflight.com. 20 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于21 July 2010).
- ^ Moskowitz, Clara. Japanese Asteroid Probe Makes Historic Return to Earth. Space.com. 13 June 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于17 June 2010).
- ^ Amos, Jonathan. Japan probe collected particles from Itokawa asteroid. BBC News (BBC). 16 November 2010 [17 November 2010]. (原始内容存档于16 November 2010).
- ^ Clark, Stephen. China maintains hectic pace for more space program firsts. Spaceflight Now. 5 March 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于12 June 2010).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 South Korea rocket 'explodes' moments after take-off. BBC News. 10 June 2010 [10 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于10 June 2010).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Clark, Stephen. Russia clears Proton to resume flying in December. Spaceflight Now. 10 December 2010 [29 December 2010]. (原始内容存档于8 January 2011).
- ^ Rocket failed after 45 seconds, says ISRO. Hindustan Times. 25 December 2010 [25 December 2010]. (原始内容存档于26 December 2010).
- ^ NASA's Shuttle and Rocket Missions. NASA. [5 August 2008]. (原始内容存档于13 September 2008).
- ^ Space Force accepts second weather satellite through NOAA partnership. U.S. Space Force. 22 September 2023 [26 September 2023].
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Bergin, Chris. Downstream shuttle planning: CLFs, AMS noted, MAF working on extra ETs. NASASpaceflight.com. 11 February 2009 [16 February 2009]. (原始内容存档于16 February 2009).
- ^ ESA's ice mission / CryoSat-2. Esa.int. 2010-04-08 [2015-09-10].
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 McDowell, Jonathan. Issue 627. Jonathan's Space Report. 11 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于8 March 2012).
- ^ Многоцелевой лабораторный модуль "Наука". roscosmos.ru. [2021-07-14]. (原始内容存档于14 July 2021).
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 小林行雄. 「第3回 相乗り小型副衛星ワークショップ」を開催 %7C エンタープライズ. Mainichi Communications. 2 August 2010 [3 August 2010]. (原始内容存档于22 October 2010) (日语).
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. DCAM 1, 2. Gunter's Space Page. [3 August 2010].
- ^ New Launch Day of Venus Climate Orbiter 'AKATSUKI' (PLANET-C) by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 17. JAXA. 18 May 2010 [18 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于21 May 2010).
- ^ Expectation of Space-Track as of 24 June [1].
- ^ 宮下研究室 小型人工衛星班 最新情報. 21 May 2010 [21 May 2010] (日语).
- ^ あかつき相乗り衛星「ハヤト」分離に歓声 鹿児島大. msn sankei news. 21 May 2010 [22 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于24 May 2010) (日语).
- ^ 鹿児島人工衛星(KSAT)8日に大気圏落下か. 373news.com. 9 July 2010 [15 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于11 July 2010) (日语).
- ^ j小型衛星「ハヤト」、大気圏に突入して消滅へ [The re-entry into micro-satellite "Hayato", to the disappearance]. YOMIURI ONLINE. 8 July 2010 [15 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于11 July 2010) (日语).
- ^ Negai☆"地上局/創価大学黒木研究室. 24 June 2010 [26 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于24 May 2010) (日语).
- ^ UNITEC-1 News. UNISEC. 21 May 2010 [22 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于19 June 2010).
- ^ Latest status (26 May 2010, 3:00 (UTC)). UNITEC-1 Operation Center. 26 May 2010 [27 May 2010].
- ^ SERVIS-2 to be launched on Rockot. EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始内容存档于22 August 2009).
- ^ SERVIS-2. EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始内容存档于26 August 2009).
- ^ Air Force: SpaceX's Falcon 9 first launch planned for Nov 29. Orlando Sentinel. 22 September 2009. (原始内容存档于21 March 2010).
- ^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration. Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [4 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于16 October 2011).
- ^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration. Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [20 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于16 October 2011).
- ^ 90 Day Range Forecast (PDF). USAF 45th Space Wing. 22 September 2009. [永久失效链接]
- ^ Founder of SpaceX Refutes Report Slamming Safety Standards. Space.com. 22 January 2010 [24 January 2010]. (原始内容存档于25 January 2010).
- ^ Steven Clark. Falcon Launch Report-Mission Status Center. Spaceflightnow.com. 30 April 2010 [1 May 2010]. (原始内容存档于30 May 2010).
- ^ SpaceX Launch Manifest. [16 April 2009]. (原始内容存档于14 April 2009).
- ^ Stephen Clark. Falcon Launch Report | Falcon rocket meets fiery end after three weeks in orbit. Spaceflight Now. 2010-06-28 [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于2 July 2010).
- ^ S. Korea's Naro-1 rocket lifts off from space center. Yonhap News. 10 June 2010 [10 June 2010].
- ^ sung, s. First-Stage Engine of Naro-1 to Arrive on Weekend. Arirang. 2 March 2010 [2 March 2010]. (原始内容存档于23 February 2012).
- ^ 我国成功发射"实践十二号卫星". Xinhua. 15 June 2010 [15 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于18 June 2010) (中文).
- ^ China Sends Research Satellite into Space. CRI English. 15 June 2010 [15 June 2010]. (原始内容存档于17 June 2010).
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