2010年航太活動列表
軌道發射 | |
---|---|
首次 | 1月16日 |
末次 | 12月29日 |
總計 | 74 |
成功 | 70 |
失敗 | 4 |
部分失敗 | 0 |
識別碼 | 70 |
火箭 | |
處女航 | 擎天神5號501構型 擎天神5號531構型 獵鷹9號1.0版本 GSLVMk. II型 米諾陶4號 |
退役 | 三角洲二號7420構型 閃電-M 宇宙3號M型 |
載人太空飛行 | |
軌道飛行次數 | 7 |
載人太空飛行人數合計 | 31 |
2010年,全球航太活動中出現了許多重大事件。包括用於商業軌道運輸服務的SpaceX飛龍號太空船的首次飛行,該飛船旨在為國際太空站運輸補給,以及獵鷹9號和米諾陶4號運載火箭的首飛。2010年6月,韓國進行了第二次羅老運載火箭的發射,該火箭在2009年首飛失敗;然而,第二次嘗試也失敗了。宇宙3號M型運載火箭退役,於4月進行了其最後一次飛行;在9月進行了最後一次飛行後,閃電-M運載火箭也宣布退役。[1]
概述
[編輯]2010年的全球首次次軌道發射於1月10日23:00(UTC)進行,當時一枚黑雁IX探空火箭作為波音YAL-1機載雷射系統的目標發射。1月11日,中國進行了該國首次反彈道飛彈試驗,涉及兩枚飛彈。全球首次軌道發射於1月16日16:12(UTC)進行,當時長征三號丙運載火箭從西昌衛星發射中心發射了北斗-G1導航衛星。
2010年共進行了74次軌道發射,其中70次成功,4次失敗。最後一次軌道發射是在12月29日,當時亞利安5號ECA構型從庫魯附近的圭亞那太空中心發射了Hispasat-1E和Koreasat 6號太空載具。
深空探測
[編輯]5月,日本使用H-IIA運載火箭發射發射了該國首個金星探測器「破曉」號。其目的是尋找金星上的閃電和火山。[2]儘管發射成功,但該太空載具未能在12月進入環繞金星的軌道[3],最終它在5年後的2015年12月才成功進入金星軌道。第一艘可操作的太陽帆「IKAROS」號與「破曉」號搭乘同一枚火箭升空。
日本的第一個小行星探測器「隼鳥」號於6月13日返回地球,此前它曾降落在小行星25143「絲川」上收集樣本。[4]這也是世界上第一個成功從小行星採樣返回的航太任務。[5]
10月1日10:59:57(UTC),中國成功發射嫦娥二號探測器,這是嫦娥工程的第二次任務。此次任務使用長征三號丙運載火箭從西昌衛星發射中心發射。嫦娥二號的任務與之前的嫦娥一號類似,但重點是繪製潛在著陸點,為嫦娥三號無人月球著陸器做好準備。[6]
載人太空飛行
[編輯]2010年按計畫進行了7次載人飛行任務,包括3次太空梭和4次聯盟號飛船任務,用於國際太空站乘組人員輪換。STS-130使用奮進號,是本年度首次載人飛行,奮進號於2月8日發射,搭載寧靜號節點艙和穹頂艙前往國際太空站。4月5日,發現號執行STS-131任務,搭載「萊昂納多」多功能後勤模組(MPLM)為太空站提供補給。
4月2日,聯盟TMA-18飛船將遠征23乘組人員送往國際太空站;該飛船計畫在太空站對接約6個月,以便乘組人員在緊急情況下撤離。此前不久,聯盟TMA-16飛船脫離對接,將前一批國際太空站乘組人員送回地球。5月14日,美國太空梭 亞特蘭蒂斯號發射升空,執行其倒數第二次飛行——STS-132任務,將晨曦號實驗艙送往國際太空站。6月15日,聯盟TMA-19飛船搭載遠征24乘組發射升空。10月8日,聯盟TMA-01M飛船發射升空,這是現代化改造的聯盟TMA飛船的首次飛行,搭載遠征25乘組人員前往國際太空站。最後,在年底,遠征26於12月15日搭乘聯盟TMA-20飛船發射升空。
發射失敗
[編輯]2010年共發生了4起軌道發射失敗事故。其中兩起影響地球同步衛星運載火箭(GSLV),一起影響羅老運載火箭,另一起影響質子運載火箭。第一次失敗發生在4月15日,當時是GSLV Mk.II型首次發射。火箭的第三級發生故障,導致火箭和GSAT-4衛星無法進入軌道並墜入大海。第二次失敗發生在羅老運載火箭的第二次試飛期間,當時火箭搭載著STSAT-2B太空載具。火箭在起飛137秒後爆炸。[7]
第三次故障發生在12月5日,當時搭載首個Blok DM-03上層級的質子-M運載火箭未能將三顆格洛納斯-M衛星送入軌道。發射前,Blok DM的燃料加注錯誤,導致火箭太重而無法到達停泊軌道。[8]第四次故障發生在2010年12月25日,當時GSLV Mk.I型在GSAT-5P發射過程中爆炸。由於第一級的液體燃料推進器失控,火箭被發射場安全控制系統下令摧毀。[9]
軌道發射
[編輯]次軌道發射
[編輯]發射時間 (UTC) | 運載火箭 | 火箭編號 | 發射場 | 發射服務提供商 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
酬載 (⚀ = 立方星) |
載荷使用者 | 軌道 | 功能 | 再入時間 (UTC) | 結果 | ||
附註 | |||||||
10 January 23:00:00[80] |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
MARTI | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 10 January | Successful | ||
11 January 11:55[81] |
CSS-X-11 | Shuangchengzi Space and Missile Center | PLA | ||||
PLA | Suborbital | ABM target | 11 January | Successful | |||
Target | |||||||
11 January 12:00 |
SC-19 | Korla Missile Test Complex | PLA | ||||
PLA | Suborbital | ABM test | 11 January | Successful[82] | |||
Interceptor | |||||||
14 January 06:50[84] |
RH-300 Mk.II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 14 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
14 January 07:35[84] |
RH-300 Mk. II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 14 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
14 January[84] 07:45 |
RH-560 Mk.II | Satish Dhawan | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 14 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 548 km(341 mi)[83] | |||||||
15 January 06:50[84] |
RH-300 Mk. II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 15 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
15 January 07:35[84] |
RH-300 Mk. II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 15 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
15 January 10:30[84] |
RH-300 Mk. II | TERLS | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 15 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83] | |||||||
15 January[84] 07:45 |
RH-560 Mk. II | Satish Dhawan | ISRO | ||||
ISRO | Suborbital | Solar/Aeronomy | 15 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 523 km(325 mi)[83] | |||||||
27 January 08:25[81] |
M51 | Le Terrible, Audierne Bay | DGA | ||||
DGA | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 January | Successful | |||
First launch of M51 from a submarine[85] | |||||||
31 January 11:40[86] |
UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2) | FTG-06 | Meck | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 30 January | Successful[86] | |||
Maiden flight of Trident I in LV-2 configuration, interceptor failed[86] | |||||||
31 January | Ground Based Interceptor | FTG-06 | Vandenberg LF-23 | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 30 January | Spacecraft failure[86] | |||
Radar tracking problem caused by unexpected "chuffing", compounded by thruster problem on interceptor, resulted in failure to intercept Trident[86] | |||||||
3 February | Kavoshgar (Naze'at-based) | Semnan Space Center | ISA | ||||
Kavoshgar-3 | ISA | Suborbital | Biological | 3 February | Successful[87] | ||
4 February 08:03:07 |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
MARTI | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 4 February | Successful[80] | ||
7 February 05:20 |
Agni-III | ITR IC-4 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 February | Successful[88] | |||
Travelled 3,500 km(2,175 mi) downrange | |||||||
9 February 09:01:00 |
Terrier-Orion | Poker Flat | NASA | ||||
Alaska | Suborbital | Auroral | 9 February | Successful[80] | |||
12 February 04:44[89] |
R-17 Elbrus | Ship, Pacific Ocean | U.S. Air Force | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 12 February | Successful[89] | |||
Destroyed by Boeing YAL-1 aircraft | |||||||
12 February 05:31:20 |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
MARTI | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 12 February | Successful[80] | ||
15 February 09:49:11 |
Black Brant XII | Poker Flat | NASA | ||||
Dartmouth | Suborbital | Auroral | 15 February | Successful[80] | |||
Apogee: 803 km(499 mi)[83] | |||||||
17 February | Juno | Fort Wingate LC-96 | US Army | ||||
US Army | Suborbital | Target | 17 February | Successful | |||
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successful intercept | |||||||
4 March 04:50 |
R-29RMU Sineva | K-114 Tula, Barents Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 March | Successful | |||
15 March | Prithvi | ITR IC-4 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 15 March | Launch failure | |||
Target for ABM test, deviated from planned course, interceptor not launched[90] | |||||||
22 March | Terrier Mk.70-Orion | Woomera LA-2 | DSTO/U.S. Air Force | ||||
HIFiRE-1 | DSTO/U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 22 March | Successful | ||
Hypersonic research experiment | |||||||
26 March 13:43 |
/ Maxus | Esrange | EuroLaunch | ||||
MAXUS-8 | SSC / ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 26 March 13:55 |
Successful[91] | ||
Apogee: 700 km(435 mi)[83] | |||||||
27 March 00:14[83] |
Dhanush[92] | INS Subhadra Indian Ocean | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 March | Successful | |||
27 March 00:18[83] |
Prithvi II[92] | Integrated Test Range IC-3 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 March | Successful | |||
27 March 14:09:56[93] |
Terrier-Improved Malemute | Wallops Island LA-1/50K | NASA | ||||
NASA | Suborbital | Test flight | 27 March | Successful | |||
SOCEM | CalPoly | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 27 March | Successful | ||
ADAMASat | Kentucky Space | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 27 March | Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Terrier-Improved Malemute, apogee: 270 km(168 mi)[83] | |||||||
27 March 19:37[83] |
Agni I[94] | Integrated Test Range IC-4 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 March | Successful | |||
22 April 23:00[14] |
Minotaur IV Lite | Vandenberg SLC-8 | Orbital Sciences | ||||
HTV-2a | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 22 April | Spacecraft failure[95] | ||
Maiden flight of Minotaur IV, loss of contact with HTV nine minutes after launch.[95] | |||||||
3 May 09:47:00 |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
MARTI | U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 3 May | Successful | ||
3 May 18:32:00 |
Black Brant IX[97] | White Sands | NASA | ||||
EVE | CU Boulder | Suborbital | Geospace/Solar | 3 May | Successful | ||
Used to calibrate the Solar Dynamics Observatory[96] | |||||||
4 May 12:41:02[99] |
SpaceLoft XL | Spaceport America | UP Aerospace | ||||
RocketSat | CSG | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 4 May | Successful | ||
NMSU | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | Successful | ||||
UNM | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | Successful | ||||
Pioneer | Celestis | Suborbital | Space burial | Successful | |||
Reached an apogee of 113 km(70 mi), successfully recovered.[98] | |||||||
6 May 03:50[100][101] |
Taiwan Sounding Rocket | Sounding Rocket VII | Jiu Peng Air Base | NSPO | |||
Ion probe | NSPO/NCU | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 6 May | Successful | ||
Apogee: 289 km(180 mi)[100] | |||||||
8 May | Ghaznavi | Sonmiani | ASFC | ||||
ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 May | Successful | |||
8 May | Shaheen-I | Sonmiani | ASFC | ||||
ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 May | Successful | |||
17 May 11:29 |
Agni-II | ITR IC-3 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 17 May | Successful | |||
Travelled 2,500 km(1,553 mi) downrange | |||||||
21 May 09:00:00 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
DICE | CU Boulder | Suborbital | Astronomy | 21 May | Spacecraft failure[80] | ||
6 June 22:25[83] |
Ground Based Interceptor | Vandenberg LF-24 | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | Test flight | 6 June | Successful | |||
Two stage test vehicle, non-intercept test | |||||||
8 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | 「Maryland」號SSBN-738 (6), ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 8 June | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42 | |||||||
8 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | 「Maryland」號SSBN-738 (6), ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 8 June | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42 | |||||||
9 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | 「Maryland」號SSBN-738 (6), ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 9 June | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43 | |||||||
9 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | 「Maryland」號SSBN-738 (6), ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 9 June | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43 | |||||||
16 June 10:01 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-10 | U.S. Air Force | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 June | Successful | |||
Travelled 6,743 km(4,190 mi) to Kwajalein Atoll | |||||||
24 June 11:17:00 |
Terrier-Orion | Wallops Island LA-2/MRL | NASA | ||||
RockOn! | Colorado | Suborbital | Student research | 24 June | Successful | ||
30 June 10:40:01[83] |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-04 | U.S. Air Force | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 June | Successful | |||
10 July 11:32[102] |
M51 | Le Terrible, Audierne Bay | DGA/Marine nationale | ||||
DGA/Marine nationale | Suborbital | Test flight | 10 July | Successful | |||
11 July | Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
CIBER | Caltech[103] | Suborbital | Astronomy | 11 July | Successful | ||
27 July | Prithvi | ITR IC-4 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 27 July | Successful | |||
Target for ABM test, intercepted successfully by AAD | |||||||
30 July 18:18 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
SUMI | NASA | Suborbital | Solar | 30 July | Successful | ||
4 August 09:15 |
Black Brant X | Wallops Island LA-1/50K | NASA | ||||
NASA | Suborbital | Test flight Technology |
4 August | Successful | |||
Tests of Nihka rocket motor, with secondary technology experiments | |||||||
6 August[104] | R-29RMU Sineva | K-114 Tula, Barents Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 August | Successful | |||
6 August[104] | R-29RMU Sineva | K-114 Tula, Barents Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 August | Successful | |||
23 August 17:57 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
RAISE | SwRI | Suborbital | Solar | 23 August | Successful | ||
30 August 20:00[106] |
S-520 | Uchinoura | JAXA | ||||
JAXA/TMU/Kagawa /Shizuoka |
Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 30 August | Partial spacecraft failure[105] | |||
High-voltage control experiments not conducted as planned[105] | |||||||
17 September 10:03 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-09 | U.S. Air Force | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 17 September | Successful | |||
21 September 13:07:30[107] |
Terrier-Orion | Wallops Island LA-2/MRL | NASA | ||||
SubTec-III | NASA | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 21 September 13:23[107] |
Successful[107] | ||
6 October | ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole)? | Kauai | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | Aegis radar target | 6 October | Successful | |||
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites | |||||||
6 October | ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole)? | Kauai | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | Aegis radar target | 6 October | Successful | |||
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites | |||||||
7 October[來源請求] 03:10 |
RSM-56 Bulava | TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 October | Successful | |||
21 October[108] 17:00 |
Black Brant IX | San Nicolas | NASA | ||||
U.S. Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 21 October | Successful | |||
27 October 10:15[109] |
Nike Orion | Esrange | EuroLaunch | ||||
MAPHEUS-2 | DLR | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 27 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 153 km(95 mi) | |||||||
28 October[來源請求] 09:59 |
RS-12M Topol | Plesetsk | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 October | Successful | |||
28 October 10:30[來源請求] |
R-29RMU Sineva | K-117 Bryansk, Barents Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 October | Successful | |||
28 October 10:30[來源請求] |
R-29R Volna | K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 October | Successful | |||
29 October[來源請求] 01:10 |
RSM-56 Bulava | TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 October | Successful | |||
29 October 03:06 |
JFTM-4 | Kauai | MDA | ||||
JMSDF/MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 29 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted by SM-3 | |||||||
29 October 03:09 |
RIM-161 SM-3 | JFTM-4 | JDS Kirishima, Pacific Ocean | JMSDF | |||
JMSDF | Suborbital | ABM test | 29 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted target | |||||||
25 November 04:40 |
Agni I | Integrated Test Range IC-4 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 November | Successful | |||
4 December 04:21[110] |
Nike-Improved Orion | Andøya | Andøya | ||||
ECOMA 2010-1 | Andøya/DLR | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 4 December | Successful | ||
5 December 19:11 |
RS-12M Topol | Kapustin Yar | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 December | Successful | |||
6 December 16:45 |
Terrier-Orion | White Sands | NASA | ||||
TRaiNED | NASA | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 6 December | Successful | ||
6 December 17:19 |
Improved Orion | Alcântara | AEB | ||||
Maracati 2 | INPE | Suborbital | Microgravity | 6 December | Successful | ||
Test for Operation Maracati 2[111] | |||||||
10 December | Agni-II Plus | ITR IC-3 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 10 December | Launch failure | |||
Upgraded Agni II version, fell into the sea shortly after launch | |||||||
12 December 06:38[112] |
Black Brant XII | Andøya | NASA | ||||
RENU 1 | New Hampshire | Suborbital | Geospace | 12 December | Launch failure[113] | ||
12 December 12:35 |
VSB-30 | Alcântara | AEB | ||||
Maracati 2 | INPE | Suborbital | Microgravity | 12 December 12:51 |
Successful | ||
Operation Maracati 2, MICROG 1A payload[114] | |||||||
13 December 03:24 |
Nike-Improved Orion | Andøya | Andøya | ||||
ECOMA 2010-2 | Andøya/DLR | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 13 December | Successful | ||
15 December | UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2) | FTG-06a | Meck | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 15 December | Successful | |||
15 December | Ground Based Interceptor | FTG-06a | Vandenberg LF-23 | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 15 December | Spacecraft failure | |||
Interceptor failed, the cause is under investigation | |||||||
19 December 02:36 |
Nike-Improved Orion | Andøya | Andøya | ||||
ECOMA 2010-3 | Andøya/DLR | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 19 December | Successful | ||
21 December | Ghauri | Tilla | Army of Pakistan | ||||
Haft-5 | Army of Pakistan | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 December | Successful | ||
Apogee: 100 km(62 mi) | |||||||
22 December | Prithvi II[92] | Integrated Test Range IC-3 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 December | Successful | |||
22 December | Prithvi II[92] | Integrated Test Range IC-3 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 December | Successful |
深空機動
[編輯]日期 (UTC) | 太空載具 | 事件 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|
12 January | Cassini | 65th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,073 km(667 mi) |
28 January | Cassini | 66th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 7,490 km(4,654 mi) |
31 January | Artemis P1 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 11,992 km(7,451 mi) at 08:13 UTC[115] |
1 February | Artemis P2 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 69,222 km(43,013 mi) at 14:44 UTC[115] |
13 February | Artemis P1 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 2,958 km(1,838 mi) at 10:06 UTC[115] |
13 February | Cassini | Flyby of Mimas | Closest approach: 9,520 km(5,915 mi) |
16 February | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 991 km(616 mi) |
22 February | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 574 km(357 mi) |
25 February | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 398 km(247 mi) |
28 February | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 226 km(140 mi) |
1 March | Artemis P2 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 68,036 km(42,276 mi) at 04:11 UTC[115] |
2 March | Cassini | 2nd flyby of Rhea | Closest approach: 100 km(62 mi) |
3 March | Cassini | Flyby of Helene | Closest approach: 1,803 km(1,120 mi) |
3 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 67 km(42 mi) |
7 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 107 km(66 mi) |
10 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 286 km(178 mi) |
13 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 476 km(296 mi) |
16 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 662 km(411 mi) |
19 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 848 km(527 mi) |
23 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 1,341 km(833 mi) |
26 March | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 1,304 km(810 mi) |
28 March | Artemis P2 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: 9,366 km(5,820 mi) at 07:34 UTC[115] |
5 April | Cassini | 67th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 7,462 km(4,637 mi) |
7 April | Cassini | 2nd flyby of Dione | Closest approach: 504 km(313 mi) |
28 April | Cassini | 9th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 103 km(64 mi) |
18 May | Cassini | 10th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 201 km(125 mi) |
20 May | Cassini | 68th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400 km(870 mi) |
5 June | Cassini | 69th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,044 km(1,270 mi) |
13 June | Hayabusa | First sample return mission from asteroid | Sample canister successful recovered to Earth |
21 June | Cassini | 70th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 955 km(593 mi) |
7 July | Cassini | 71st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,005 km(624 mi) |
10 July | Rosetta | Flyby of 21 Lutetia | Closest approach: 3,100 km(1,926 mi)[116] |
13 August | Cassini | 11th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 2,554 km(1,587 mi) |
25 August | Artemis P1 | LL2 orbit insertion | |
24 September | Cassini | 72nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 8,175 km(5,080 mi) |
6 October | Chang'e 2 | Lunar orbit insertion | |
16 October | Cassini | Flyby of Pallene | Closest approach: 36,000 km(22,369 mi) |
22 October | Artemis P2 | LL1 orbit insertion | |
4 November | Deep Impact | Flyby of Hartley 2 | Closest approach: 700 km(435 mi)[117] |
11 November | Cassini | 73rd flyby of Titan | |
30 November | Cassini | 12th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 47.9 km(30 mi) |
7 December | Akatsuki | 1st flyby of Venus | Cytherocentric orbit insertion failure Closest approach: 550 km(342 mi) |
8 December | IKAROS | Flyby of Venus | Closest approach: 80,800 km(50,207 mi) |
21 December | Cassini | 13th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 50 km(31 mi) |
December | Shin'en | Flyby of Venus | not confirmed. |
艙外活動
[編輯]開始時間 | 持續時間 | 結束時間 | 太空載具 | 乘組 | 工作內容 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 January 10:05 |
5 hours 44 minutes |
15:49 | Expedition 22 ISS Pirs |
Oleg Kotov Maksim Surayev |
Prepared the Poisk module for future dockings.[118][119] | |
12 February 02:17 |
6 hours 32 minutes |
08:49 | STS-130 ISS Quest |
Robert L. Behnken Nicholas Patrick |
Removed a protective cover on a port on the Unity node where Tranquility was berthed halfway through the spacewalk. The pair then transferred a spare parts platform for the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator from the shuttle to the station. Once that task is completed Behnken and Patrick made several connections on the newly installed Tranquility node to begin its activation.[120][121] | |
14 February 02:20 |
5 hours 54 minutes |
08:14 | STS-130 ISS Quest |
Robert L. Behnken Nicholas Patrick |
Installed ammonia plumbing and connectors between Unity, Destiny and Tranquility and covered them with thermal insulation. Prepared the nadir port on Tranquility for the relocation of the Cupola, and installed handrails on the exterior of Tranquility.[122][123] | |
17 February 02:15 |
5 hours 48 minutes |
08:03 | STS-130 ISS Quest |
Robert L. Behnken Nicholas Patrick |
Installed additional ammonia plumbing between Unity and Tranquility, removed insulation and launch locks from the Cupola, installed additional handrails on the exterior of Tranquility and performed get-ahead tasks to support the installation of a Power Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) on the exterior of Zarya with cable installation on Unity and the S0 truss.[124][125] | |
9 April 05:31 |
6 hours 27 minutes |
11:58 | STS-131 ISS Quest |
Richard Mastracchio Clayton Anderson |
Relocated new an ammonia tank from the Shuttle's payload bay to a temporary stowage location and disconnected the fluid lines to the old ammonia tank on the S1 truss. Retrieved a Japanese seed experiment from the exterior of the Kibo laboratory for return to earth and replaced a failed gyroscope on the S0 truss. Performed get-ahead tasks including the opening of a window flap on the zenith CBM of Harmony, and removed launch restraint bolts from a Flex Hose Rotary Coupler (FHRC) on the P1 truss.[126][127] | |
11 April 05:30 |
7 hours 26 minutes |
12:56 | STS-131 ISS Quest |
Richard Mastracchio Clayton Anderson |
The old ammonia tank was removed from the S1 truss and was replaced with the new tank. The electrical connections to the tank were made, but the fluid lines were deferred to the mission's third EVA due to time constraints since the installation was prolonged by a problem with the bolts that hold the tank to the truss. The old tank was relocated to a temporary stowage location on the station and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future shuttle mission's spacewalk.[128][129] | |
13 April 06:14 |
6 hours 24 minutes |
12:36 | STS-131 ISS Quest |
Richard Mastracchio Clayton Anderson |
The fluid lines were connected to the new ammonia tank and the old tank was moved to the shuttle's payload bay for return to Earth. Micro-meteoroid debris shields from the Quest airlock which were no longer necessary were brought inside the airlock for return to Earth inside the Leonardo MPLM. The Z1 truss was prepared for the installation of a spare antenna on the next shuttle mission, and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future spacewalk. The retrieval of an external carrier plate on Columbus was deferred to another shuttle mission due to time constraints after problems were encountered with attaching the old ammonia tank to a carrier in the payload bay, and several other tasks were deferred to later EVAs due to the replanning from the problems with the mission's second EVA.[130][131] | |
17 May 11:54 |
7 hours 25 minutes |
19:19 | STS-132 ISS Quest |
Garrett Reisman Stephen G. Bowen |
Installed a spare space-to-ground Ku-band antenna on the Z1 truss; installed new tool platform on Dextre, and broke torque on bolts holding replacement batteries to the ICC-VLD cargo carrier.[132][133] | |
19 May 10:38 |
7 hours 9 minutes |
17:47 | STS-132 ISS Quest |
Stephen G. Bowen Michael T. Good |
Repaired Atlantis' Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS); P6 battery replacement (4 of 6 units); and removed gimbal locks from the Ku-band antenna installed on the first EVA of the mission.[134][135] | |
21 May 10:27 |
6 hours 46 minutes |
17:13 | STS-132 ISS Quest |
Michael T. Good Garrett Reisman |
P6 battery replacement (final 2 of 6 units); installed ammonia "jumpers" at the P4/P5 interface; retrieved a spare PDGF from Atlantis' payload bay and stowed it inside the Quest airlock. The spacewalkers also replenished supplies of EVA tools in toolboxes on the exterior of the station.[136][137] | |
27 July 04:11 |
6 hours 42 minutes |
10:53 | Expedition 24 ISS Pirs |
Fyodor Yurchikhin Mikhail Korniyenko |
Replaced an ATV video camera on Zvezda, routed command and data handling lines from Zvezda and Zarya to the new Rassvet module as well as made KURS connections between Rassvet and Zarya to allow future automated dockings to the new module. Then the two cosmonauts jettisoned the old ATV video camera.[138][139] | |
7 August 11:19 |
8 hours 3 minutes |
19:22 | Expedition 24 ISS Quest |
Douglas H. Wheelock Tracy Caldwell Dyson |
Attempted to replace failed S1 ammonia pump module. The spacewalkers did not complete all of the planned tasks due to a quick disconnect that got stuck and would not release. The pair had to complete a "bake-out" in order to ensure there was no ammonia on their suits before re-entering the Space Station.[140][141] | |
11 August 12:27 |
7 hours 26 minutes |
19:53 | Expedition 24 ISS Quest |
Douglas H. Wheelock Tracy Caldwell Dyson |
Completed removal of failed pump module from the S1 truss and began installation preparations on the replacement pump.[142][143] | |
16 August 10:20 |
7 hours 20 minutes |
17:40 | Expedition 24 ISS Quest |
Douglas H. Wheelock Tracy Caldwell Dyson |
Installed new pump module on the S1 truss.[144][145] | |
15 November 14:55 |
6 hours 27 minutes |
21:22 | Expedition 25 ISS Pirs |
Fyodor Yurchikhin Oleg Skripochka |
Install a multipurpose workstation on Zvezda, retrieve camera, retrieve kontur, install new materials experiment, collect samples below insulation.[146][147] |
軌道發射統計
[編輯]按國家(區域)
[編輯]就本章節的主旨而言,每次航太飛行所屬的國家以火箭的原產國為準,而不是發射服務提供商或發射場所在國。例如,第聶伯運載火箭雖然從俄羅斯發射,但被計入烏克蘭。
- 中國: 15
- 歐洲: 6
- 印度: 3
- 以色列: 1
- 日本: 2
- 韓國: 1
- 俄羅斯: 28
- 烏克蘭: 3
- 美國: 15
國家(區域) | 發射數 | 成功數 | 失敗數 | 部分 失敗數 |
備註 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
中國 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | ||
歐洲 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
印度 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
以色列 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
日本 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
南韓 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 俄羅斯提供技術支援 | |
俄羅斯 | 28 | 27 | 1 | 0 | ||
烏克蘭 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 從俄羅斯發射 | |
美國 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | ||
總計 | 74 | 70 | 4 | 0 |
按火箭
[編輯]By family
[編輯]Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara | 俄羅斯 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Ariane | 歐洲 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | 美國 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | 美國 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | 美國 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
GLSV | 印度 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
H-II | 日本 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | 中國 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur | 美國 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | 印度 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | 俄羅斯 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
R-14 | 俄羅斯 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-36 | 烏克蘭 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | 以色列 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Space Shuttle | 美國 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | 俄羅斯 | 14 | 13 | 1 | 0 |
By type
[編輯]Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 | 歐洲 | Ariane | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | 美國 | Atlas | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II | 美國 | Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | 美國 | Delta | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | 烏克蘭 | R-36 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | 美國 | Falcon | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
GSLV | 印度 | GSLV | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
H-IIA | 日本 | H-II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Kosmos | 俄羅斯 | R-12/R-14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | 中國 | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | 中國 | Long March | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | 中國 | Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur IV | 美國 | Minotaur | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Molniya | 俄羅斯 | R-7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Naro | 俄羅斯 南韓 |
Angara | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Proton | 俄羅斯 | Universal Rocket | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | |
PSLV | 印度 | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | 以色列 | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | 俄羅斯 | R-7 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | 俄羅斯 | R-7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Space Shuttle | 美國 | Space Shuttle | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
UR-100 | 俄羅斯 | Universal Rocket | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
[編輯]Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 ECA | 歐洲 | Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | 美國 | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 501 | 美國 | Atlas V | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Atlas V 531 | 美國 | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Delta II 7420 | 美國 | Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight[70] |
Delta IV-M+(4,2) | 美國 | Delta IV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | 美國 | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | 烏克蘭 | Dnepr | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 v1.0 | 美國 | Falcon 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
GSLV Mk I(c) | 印度 | GSLV | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Only flight |
GSLV Mk II | 印度 | GSLV | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
H-IIA 202 | 日本 | H-IIA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Kosmos-3M | 俄羅斯 | Kosmos | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Long March 2D | 中國 | Long March 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | 中國 | Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B | 中國 | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C | 中國 | Long March 3 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | 中國 | Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | 中國 | Long March 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur IV | 美國 | Minotaur IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Minotaur IV / HAPS | 美國 | Minotaur IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Molniya-M / 2BL | 俄羅斯 | Molniya | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight[1] |
Naro-1 | 俄羅斯 南韓 |
Naro | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Proton-M / DM-2 | 俄羅斯 | Proton | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / DM-03 | 俄羅斯 | Proton | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | 俄羅斯 | Proton | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-CA | 印度 | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | 俄羅斯 | UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit-2 | 以色列 | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M | 俄羅斯 | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | 俄羅斯 | Soyuz | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG | 俄羅斯 | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Space Shuttle | 美國 | Space Shuttle | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
按發射場
[編輯]Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | 哈薩克 | 24 | 23 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | 美國 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Dombarovsky | 俄羅斯 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | 中國 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Kennedy | 美國 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Kodiak | 美國 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | 法國 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Naro | 南韓 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Palmachim | 以色列 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | 俄羅斯 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | 印度 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | 中國 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | 日本 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | 美國 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Xichang | 中國 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 74 | 70 | 4 | 0 |
按軌道
[編輯]- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Inclined GSO
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Successes | Failures | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth | 37 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 12 to ISS |
Medium Earth / Molniya | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Geosynchronous / GTO | 29 | 27 | 2 | 0 | |
High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 74 | 70 | 4 | 0 |
參考
[編輯]- 中國國家航天局
- 中國探月網
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
- Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt與Launchlog.txt兩項)
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry
註腳
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Mu, Xuequan. Russia sends military satellite into space. Xinhua. 1 October 2010 [30 September 2010]. (原始內容存檔於3 October 2010).
- ^ Amos, Jonathan. Japan launches Akatsuki probe to Venus. BBC News. 20 May 2010 [13 July 2010].
- ^ Bergin, Chris. JAXA H-IIA carrying AKATSUKI and IKAROS launches at second attempt. NASASpaceflight.com. 20 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於21 July 2010).
- ^ Moskowitz, Clara. Japanese Asteroid Probe Makes Historic Return to Earth. Space.com. 13 June 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於17 June 2010).
- ^ Amos, Jonathan. Japan probe collected particles from Itokawa asteroid. BBC News (BBC). 16 November 2010 [17 November 2010]. (原始內容存檔於16 November 2010).
- ^ Clark, Stephen. China maintains hectic pace for more space program firsts. Spaceflight Now. 5 March 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於12 June 2010).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 South Korea rocket 'explodes' moments after take-off. BBC News. 10 June 2010 [10 June 2010]. (原始內容存檔於10 June 2010).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Clark, Stephen. Russia clears Proton to resume flying in December. Spaceflight Now. 10 December 2010 [29 December 2010]. (原始內容存檔於8 January 2011).
- ^ Rocket failed after 45 seconds, says ISRO. Hindustan Times. 25 December 2010 [25 December 2010]. (原始內容存檔於26 December 2010).
- ^ NASA's Shuttle and Rocket Missions. NASA. [5 August 2008]. (原始內容存檔於13 September 2008).
- ^ Space Force accepts second weather satellite through NOAA partnership. U.S. Space Force. 22 September 2023 [26 September 2023].
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Bergin, Chris. Downstream shuttle planning: CLFs, AMS noted, MAF working on extra ETs. NASASpaceflight.com. 11 February 2009 [16 February 2009]. (原始內容存檔於16 February 2009).
- ^ ESA's ice mission / CryoSat-2. Esa.int. 2010-04-08 [2015-09-10].
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 McDowell, Jonathan. Issue 627. Jonathan's Space Report. 11 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於8 March 2012).
- ^ Многоцелевой лабораторный модуль "Наука". roscosmos.ru. [2021-07-14]. (原始內容存檔於14 July 2021).
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 小林行雄. 「第3回 相乗り小型副衛星ワークショップ」を開催 %7C エンタープライズ. Mainichi Communications. 2 August 2010 [3 August 2010]. (原始內容存檔於22 October 2010) (日語).
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. DCAM 1, 2. Gunter's Space Page. [3 August 2010].
- ^ New Launch Day of Venus Climate Orbiter 'AKATSUKI' (PLANET-C) by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 17. JAXA. 18 May 2010 [18 May 2010]. (原始內容存檔於21 May 2010).
- ^ Expectation of Space-Track as of 24 June [1].
- ^ 宮下研究室 小型人工衛星班 最新情報. 21 May 2010 [21 May 2010] (日語).
- ^ あかつき相乗り衛星「ハヤト」分離に歓声 鹿児島大. msn sankei news. 21 May 2010 [22 May 2010]. (原始內容存檔於24 May 2010) (日語).
- ^ 鹿児島人工衛星(KSAT)8日に大気圏落下か. 373news.com. 9 July 2010 [15 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於11 July 2010) (日語).
- ^ j小型衛星「ハヤト」、大気圏に突入して消滅へ [The re-entry into micro-satellite "Hayato", to the disappearance]. YOMIURI ONLINE. 8 July 2010 [15 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於11 July 2010) (日語).
- ^ Negai☆"地上局/創価大学黒木研究室. 24 June 2010 [26 June 2010]. (原始內容存檔於24 May 2010) (日語).
- ^ UNITEC-1 News. UNISEC. 21 May 2010 [22 June 2010]. (原始內容存檔於19 June 2010).
- ^ Latest status (26 May 2010, 3:00 (UTC)). UNITEC-1 Operation Center. 26 May 2010 [27 May 2010].
- ^ SERVIS-2 to be launched on Rockot. EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始內容存檔於22 August 2009).
- ^ SERVIS-2. EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始內容存檔於26 August 2009).
- ^ Air Force: SpaceX's Falcon 9 first launch planned for Nov 29. Orlando Sentinel. 22 September 2009. (原始內容存檔於21 March 2010).
- ^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration. Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [4 May 2010]. (原始內容存檔於16 October 2011).
- ^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration. Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [20 May 2010]. (原始內容存檔於16 October 2011).
- ^ 90 Day Range Forecast (PDF). USAF 45th Space Wing. 22 September 2009. [永久失效連結]
- ^ Founder of SpaceX Refutes Report Slamming Safety Standards. Space.com. 22 January 2010 [24 January 2010]. (原始內容存檔於25 January 2010).
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